Brahimi Djamel, Mesli Lotfi, Rahmouni Abdelkader, Zeggai Fatima Zohra, Khaldoun Bachari, Chebout Redouane, Belbachir Mohammed
University of Salhi Ahmed - Department of Sciences of Nature and Life Naama-45000, Algeria.
University of Abou Bakr Belkaid - Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life and Sciences of the Earth and the Universe- Department of Ecology and Environment- Tlemcen-13000, Algeria.
Data Brief. 2020 May 6;30:105659. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105659. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Orthoptera are capable of threat of agriculture, human health and resists to all pesticides used. This problem is become an objectif of many research's. Pesticide resistance is the adaptation of insects to this materials resulting in decreased susceptibility to that chemical. In other hand, insects develop a resistance through natural selection such chemically transformation, physiological phenomena and genetic. In our study, natural chitin was extracted from cuticle of orthoptera insect (southern of Algeria) using a chemical strategy consists on hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The average yield of extracted chitin (96.95% w) indicates that the cuticles of orthoptera are a rich source of chitin. Cuticle exhibit a heterogeneous morphology characterized by a compact structure with well-defined fibrous. For extracted chitin and after demineralization, we can appreciate important changes in the surface of material. We observed round shaped black spots indicated that they are composed almost exclusively by KO and CaO (cuticle) in the other hand we observed several white taches behind black spots, here we suggest that white taches present chitin extracted. The most resistant orthoptera are the ones to survive and transform their properties by chemical process such as transformation of chitin to chitosan and physiological development such as age. In this study, we have found that the first generation has a great resistance to insecticides. After insecticide application we observed a descendant's resistance decreased a larger because sensitive insects have been selectively killed. After repeated applications resistant insects may comprise the minority. Finally we can said, insecticide resistance can be found in many types and we can conclude that physiological resistance and chemical resistance coexist together and cannot separate. In the physiological resistance, the insect populations may develop the ability to avoid or reduce lethal insecticide exposure. In contrast, chemical resistance refers to modification mechanisms, including reduced cuticle penetration and decreased or increased target site sensitivity. The extracted chitin sample and chitosan were characterized by several characterizations such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy SEM, FTIR and HRMN spectroscopy.
直翅目昆虫对农业、人类健康构成威胁，且对所有使用的杀虫剂都具有抗性。这个问题已成为许多研究的目标。抗药性是昆虫对这些物质的适应，导致对该化学物质的敏感性降低。另一方面，昆虫通过自然选择产生抗性，包括化学转化、生理现象和遗传因素。在我们的研究中，采用由盐酸、氢氧化钠和过氧化氢组成的化学策略，从直翅目昆虫（阿尔及利亚南部）的表皮中提取天然几丁质。提取的几丁质平均产率（96.95% w）表明直翅目昆虫的表皮是几丁质的丰富来源。表皮呈现出异质形态，其特征是具有结构紧凑且纤维清晰的结构。对于提取的几丁质和脱矿后，我们可以看到材料表面有重要变化。我们观察到圆形黑点，表明它们几乎完全由氧化钾和氧化钙（表皮）组成，另一方面，我们在黑点后面观察到几个白色斑点，在此我们认为白色斑点是提取的几丁质。最具抗性的直翅目昆虫是那些能够存活并通过化学过程（如几丁质转化为壳聚糖）和生理发育（如年龄增长）改变其特性的昆虫。在本研究中，我们发现第一代对杀虫剂具有很强的抗性。施用杀虫剂后，我们观察到后代的抗性大幅下降，因为敏感昆虫被选择性杀死。经过反复施用后，抗性昆虫可能占少数。最后我们可以说，抗药性存在于多种类型中，我们可以得出结论，生理抗性和化学抗性共存且无法分开。在生理抗性方面，昆虫种群可能会发展出避免或减少致命杀虫剂暴露的能力。相比之下，化学抗性是指修饰机制，包括减少表皮渗透以及降低或增加靶标部位敏感性。提取的几丁质样品和壳聚糖通过多种表征方法进行表征，如X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和高分辨核磁共振（HRMN）光谱。
