Thierry Chloé, Pisanu Benoît, Machon Nathalie
UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel OFB, MNHN, CNRS Brunoy France.
Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO, UMR7204) Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS Paris France.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Feb 17;12(2):e8365. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8365. eCollection 2022 Feb.
At the landscape level, intensification of agriculture, fragmentation, and destruction of natural habitats are major causes of biodiversity loss that can be mitigated at small spatial scales. However, the complex relationships between human activities, landscapes, and biodiversity are poorly known. Yet, this knowledge could help private stakeholders managing seminatural areas to play a positive role in biodiversity conservation.We investigated how water-abstraction sites could sustain species diversity in vascular-plant communities and two taxonomic groups of insect communities in a fragmented agricultural landscape.Landscape-scale variables (connectivity indices and surrounding levels of herbicide use), as well as site-specific variables (soil type for vascular plants, floral availability for , and low herbaceous cover for ), were correlated to structural and functional metrics of species community diversity for these taxonomic groups, measured on 35 industrial sites in the Ile-de-France region in 2018-2019. and consisted essentially of species with a high degree of dispersal and low specialization, able to reach the habitat patches of the fragmented landscape of the study area. Sandy soil harbored more diverse vascular-plant communities. Plant diversity was correlated to a greater abundance of and a lower richness of .Increasing landscape connectivity was related to higher abundance of plants and , and a higher evenness index for communities. Higher levels of herbicide use were related to a decrease in the biodiversity of plants and abundance. High levels of herbicide favored high-dispersal generalist plants, while high levels of connectivity favored low-dispersal plants. Specialist species were associated with low herbaceous cover and connectivity.Water-abstraction sites are valuable seminatural habitats for biodiversity. Changing intensive agricultural practices in surrounding areas would better contribute to conserving and restoring biodiversity on these sites.
在景观层面，农业集约化、自然栖息地破碎化和破坏是生物多样性丧失的主要原因，而这些问题在小空间尺度上是可以缓解的。然而，人类活动、景观和生物多样性之间的复杂关系却鲜为人知。不过，这方面的知识有助于管理半自然区域的私人利益相关者在生物多样性保护中发挥积极作用。我们研究了取水点如何在破碎化的农业景观中维持维管植物群落以及两个昆虫分类群的物种多样性。景观尺度变量（连通性指数和周边除草剂使用水平）以及特定地点变量（维管植物的土壤类型、昆虫的花蜜可利用性和低草本覆盖度）与这些分类群的物种群落多样性的结构和功能指标相关，这些指标于2018 - 2019年在法兰西岛地区的35个工业场地进行了测量。研究对象主要由具有高度扩散能力和低专业化程度的物种组成，它们能够到达研究区域破碎景观的栖息地斑块。沙质土壤拥有更多样化的维管植物群落。植物多样性与某种昆虫的丰度增加以及另一种昆虫的丰富度降低相关。景观连通性增加与植物和某种昆虫的丰度提高以及该昆虫群落的均匀度指数升高有关。除草剂使用水平较高与植物生物多样性下降和某种昆虫丰度降低有关。高除草剂水平有利于高扩散能力的广适性植物，而高连通性则有利于低扩散能力的植物。特化的昆虫物种与低草本覆盖度和连通性相关。取水点是生物多样性的重要半自然栖息地。改变周边地区的集约化农业做法将更有助于保护和恢复这些地点的生物多样性。
