Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2020 May;38(5):308-315. doi: 10.1089/photob.2019.4772.
To evaluate in vitro the effect of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser on resistance of primary and permanent human enamel to demineralization using water cooling and fluoride coapplication as variable parameters. Enamel specimens were prepared from extracted primary and permanent teeth ( = 225 each). The specimens were separated into 15 subgroups ( = 15/group) based on laser application at three different power settings (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 W), laser application with and without water cooling, and application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel before laser treatment. Morphological changes were assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the specimens' chemical contents were determined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In both the primary and permanent teeth, the highest Ca and P content was observed in the noncooled 0.75 W laser group ( < 0.05), irrespective of APF pretreatment ( > 0.05). The Ca and P content for the noncooled APF +0.75 W laser group was lower than that for the APF group and the noncooled 0.75 W laser group. For both dentitions, the F mass content for the APF+laser groups was significantly higher than laser-only groups ( < 0.05). Under SEM, both the primary and permanent enamel exhibited cracks, craters, and surface roughness without water cooling, consistent with increased power output. Er,Cr:YSGG laser application at 0.75 W without water cooling increased enamel resistance to demineralization. Compared with topical APF application, Er,Cr:YSGG laser application barely improved enamel resistance against demineralization, and coapplication did not result in a synergistic effect.
评估水冷却和氟化物共应用两种可变参数条件下，铒铬：钇钪镓石榴石（Er,Cr:YSGG）激光对人原发性和永久性牙釉质抗脱矿作用的体外影响。方法：从拔除的原发性和永久性牙齿中制备牙釉质标本（各 = 225 个）。根据激光在三种不同功率设置（0.25、0.50 和 0.75 W）下的应用、有/无水冷却的激光应用以及激光治疗前应用酸性磷酸氟化物（APF）凝胶，将标本分为 15 个亚组（每组 = 15 个）。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估形态变化，并使用能量色散 X 射线光谱法确定标本的化学含量。结果：在原发性和永久性牙齿中，观察到未冷却的 0.75 W 激光组的 Ca 和 P 含量最高（<0.05），无论 APF 预处理如何（>0.05）。未冷却的 APF +0.75 W 激光组的 Ca 和 P 含量低于 APF 组和未冷却的 0.75 W 激光组。对于两种牙本质，APF+激光组的 F 质量含量均显著高于激光组（<0.05）。在 SEM 下，原发性和永久性牙釉质均显示出无冷却时的裂缝、火山口和表面粗糙度，与功率输出增加一致。结论：在不进行水冷却的情况下，以 0.75 W 输出的 Er,Cr:YSGG 激光应用增加了牙釉质的抗脱矿能力。与局部应用 APF 相比，Er,Cr:YSGG 激光应用几乎没有提高牙釉质的抗脱矿能力，并且共同应用没有产生协同作用。
