Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Collage of Natura and Computational Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2020 May 19;15(5):e0233314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233314. eCollection 2020.
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the major source of active TB and is an obstacle to the strategy of World Health Organization to end TB by 2035. In Ethiopia, there are hundreds of prisons and they are conducive settings for the transmission of TB and could serve as the sources of infection to the general public. However, there is little data on the epidemiology of TB in prisons in Ethiopia. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of LTBI and evaluate associated risk factors in prisons in East Wollega Zone in western Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional design and systematic sampling technique were used to select 352 prisoners from a total of 2620 prisoners during the two months (May and June, 2019). The selected inmates were consented for their willingness to participate in the study. Thereafter, they were interviewed and 2ml of blood sample was collected from each prisoner and screened for LTBI using interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of LTBI occurrence and to identify risk factors associated with LTBI.
The prevalence of LTBI was 51.2% (95% CI: 46.45-57%) and higher prevalence was recorded in males (53%) than in females (43.5%) although the difference was not significant. Prisoners whose age ≥45 years (AOR = 2.48, 95%CI, 1.04-5.9), who chewed khat (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.27-4.19), who were prisoned over a year (AOR = 1.81, 95%CI, 1.04-3.18) and who were in overcrowded pens (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.002-3.65) were at higher risk of LTBI.
The prevalence of LTBI in prisoners in West Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia was high and could serve as sources of infection to the public. Hence optimum handling of prisoners, and regular follow up and treatment of TB cases in prisons were recommended to minimize the burden of TB in the Zone.
潜伏性结核感染 (LTBI) 是活动性结核病的主要来源，也是世界卫生组织到 2035 年终结结核病战略的障碍。在埃塞俄比亚，有数百所监狱，这些监狱有利于结核病的传播，并可能成为感染公众的源头。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚监狱结核病的流行病学数据很少。本研究的目的是估计西部沃洛格莱地区监狱 LTBI 的患病率，并评估相关的危险因素。
采用横断面设计和系统抽样技术，从 2019 年 5 月和 6 月的 2620 名囚犯中选择 352 名囚犯。选择的囚犯同意自愿参加研究。然后对他们进行访谈，并从每个囚犯身上采集 2ml 血液样本，使用干扰素 -γ释放试验（IGRA）筛查 LTBI。使用 SPSS 版本 25 对数据进行分析，并使用逻辑回归模型来模拟 LTBI 发生的可能性，并确定与 LTBI 相关的危险因素。
LTBI 的患病率为 51.2%（95%CI：46.45-57%），男性（53%）的患病率高于女性（43.5%），尽管差异无统计学意义。年龄≥45 岁的囚犯（AOR=2.48，95%CI，1.04-5.9）、咀嚼恰特草的囚犯（AOR=2.27；95%CI，1.27-4.19）、入狱时间超过一年的囚犯（AOR=1.81，95%CI，1.04-3.18）和居住在过度拥挤牢房的囚犯（AOR=1.91，95%CI，1.002-3.65）感染 LTBI 的风险更高。
埃塞俄比亚西部沃洛格莱地区监狱囚犯 LTBI 的患病率较高，可能成为公众感染的源头。因此，建议对囚犯进行最佳处理，并定期对监狱内的结核病病例进行随访和治疗，以减轻该地区结核病的负担。
