Gunpinar Sadiye, Meraci Bilge, Karas Mert
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
Int J Implant Dent. 2020 May 20;6(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40729-020-00215-9.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was (1) to determine the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis and (2) to reveal the risk indicators associated with peri-implant diseases. The second point was to investigate the role of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant health.
Three hundred and eighty-two subjects who were treated with 1415 dental implants between 2011-2017 were clinically evaluated. Patients' medical and dental history, as well as implant details, were recorded. Peri-implant examination included probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and keratinized tissue width. Furthermore, the patient (sex, age, and smoking) and implant/prosthesis-related factors (surface characteristic, time in function, design of prosthesis etc.) were evaluated. Implants were classified into three groups: healthy, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. Uni- and multi-variate regression analyses were utilized for statistics.
41.1% (n = 157) and 36.9% (n = 84) of patients had mucositis and peri-implantitis, respectively. 53.6% (n = 758) of implants (95%CI 80.2-90.4) had mucositis, and 21.7% (n = 307) had peri-implantitis. Patients with a maintenance < 2/year (OR = 2.576), having periodontitis (OR = 3.342) and higher PI (OR = 3.046) had significant associations with the development of peri-implant mucositis. Significant ORs were determined for peri-implantitis with patients having maintenance < 2/year (OR = 2.048), having number of implants ≥ 4 (OR = 2.103), diagnosed with periodontitis (OR = 3.295), and higher PI (OR = 7.055). Keratinized tissue width < 2 mm (ORs = 5389/8.013), PPD (ORs = 1.570/8.338), PI (ORs = 6.726/5.205), and BoP (ORs = 3.645/4.353) independent variables were significantly associated with both peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis at implant level, respectively.
Within the limits of this study, the prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis was shown to be high in Turkish population. Furthermore, increased risk for peri-implantitis was identified in patients having maintenance < 2/year, presence of periodontitis, poor plaque control, and having number of implants ≥ 4. Less keratinized tissue (< 2 mm), PPD, and BoP were also risk indicators for peri-implantitis development.
本横断面研究的目的是：（1）确定种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎的患病率；（2）揭示与种植体周围疾病相关的风险指标。第二点是研究角化黏膜对种植体周围健康的作用。
对2011年至2017年间接受1415颗牙种植体治疗的382名受试者进行临床评估。记录患者的医学和牙科病史以及种植体细节。种植体周围检查包括探诊深度（PPD）、探诊出血（BoP）、菌斑指数（PI）、牙龈指数（GI）和角化组织宽度。此外，还评估了患者（性别、年龄和吸烟情况）以及种植体/修复体相关因素（表面特征、使用时间、修复体设计等）。种植体分为三组：健康、种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎。采用单变量和多变量回归分析进行统计。
分别有41.1%（n = 157）和36.9%（n = 84）的患者患有黏膜炎和种植体周围炎。53.6%（n = 758）的种植体（95%CI 80.2 - 90.4）患有黏膜炎，21.7%（n = 307）患有种植体周围炎。维护次数<每年2次（OR = 2.576）、患有牙周炎（OR = 3.342）和菌斑指数较高（OR = 3.046）的患者与种植体周围黏膜炎的发生显著相关。对于种植体周围炎，确定维护次数<每年2次（OR = 2.048）、种植体数量≥4颗（OR = 2.103）、诊断为牙周炎（OR = 3.295）和菌斑指数较高（OR = 7.055）的患者有显著的OR值。在种植体水平上，角化组织宽度<2mm（OR值分别为5389/8.013）、PPD（OR值分别为1.570/8.338）、PI（OR值分别为6.726/5.205）和BoP（OR值分别为3.645/4.353）等自变量分别与种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎显著相关。
在本研究范围内，土耳其人群中黏膜炎和种植体周围炎的患病率较高。此外，维护次数<每年2次、患有牙周炎、菌斑控制不佳以及种植体数量≥4颗的患者，种植体周围炎风险增加。角化组织较少（<2mm）、PPD和BoP也是种植体周围炎发生的风险指标。
