Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(10):1725-1737. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1765137. Epub 2020 May 20.
Dietary omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are known to be potent biological regulators with therapeutic and preventive effects on human health. Many global health organizations have recommended consuming marine based omega-3 sources for neonatal brain development and reducing the risk of various chronic diseases. However, due to concerns regarding the origin, sustainable supply and safety of the marine sources, alternative n-3 PUFA sources are being explored. Recently, plant-based omega-3 sources are gaining much importance because of their sustainable supply and dietary acceptance. α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) rich seed oils are the major omega-3 fatty acid source available for human consumption. But, efficiency of conversion of ALA to n-3 LC-PUFAs in humans is limited due to a rate-limiting step in the n-3 pathway catalyzed by Δ6-desaturase. Botanical stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) rich oils are emerging as a sustainable omega-3 source with efficient conversion rate to n-3 LC-PUFA especially to EPA, as it bypasses the Δ6-desaturase rate limiting step. Several recent studies have identified the major plant sources of SDA and explored its potential health benefits and preventive roles in inflammation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. This systematic review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the sources, nutraceutical roles, food-based applications and the future perspectives of botanical SDA.
膳食 ω-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LC-PUFA），如二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20:5n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n-3），是已知的具有治疗和预防人类健康作用的强效生物调节剂。许多全球健康组织建议食用海洋源性 ω-3 以促进新生儿大脑发育，并降低各种慢性疾病的风险。然而，由于对海洋源的来源、可持续供应和安全性的担忧，正在探索替代的 n-3 PUFA 来源。最近，植物源性 ω-3 来源因其可持续供应和饮食可接受性而受到越来越多的关注。富含 α-亚麻酸（ALA，18:3n-3）的籽油是人类可食用的主要 ω-3 脂肪酸来源。但是，由于 Δ6-去饱和酶催化的 n-3 途径中的限速步骤，ALA 向 n-3 LC-PUFA 的转化效率有限。富含植物 stearidonic 酸（SDA，18:4n-3）的油作为一种可持续的 ω-3 来源，具有高效转化为 n-3 LC-PUFA 的能力，特别是 EPA，因为它绕过了 Δ6-去饱和酶的限速步骤。最近的几项研究已经确定了 SDA 的主要植物来源，并探讨了其在炎症、心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症中的潜在健康益处和预防作用。本系统综述总结了植物源性 SDA 的来源、营养作用、基于食物的应用和未来展望的最新知识状况。
