Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq.
CNS Spectr. 2021 Aug;26(4):368-377. doi: 10.1017/S1092852920001182. Epub 2020 May 20.
To examine whether negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, and mannerism (PHEM symptoms), formal thought disorders (FTD) and psychomotor retardation (PMR) are interrelated phenomena in major neurocognitive psychosis (MNP) or deficit schizophrenia and whether those domains belong to an underlying latent vector reflecting general psychopathology.
In this study, we recruited 120 patients with MNP or deficit schizophrenia and 54 healthy subjects and measured the above-mentioned symptom domains.
In MNP, there were significant associations between negative and PHEM symptoms, FTD and PMR. A single latent trait, which is essentially unidimensional, underlies these key domains of schizophrenia and MNP and additionally shows excellent internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and predictive relevance. Confirmatory Tedrad Analysis indicates that this latent vector fits a reflective model. The lack of discriminant validity shows that positive (and PHEM or psychotic) and negative symptoms greatly overlap and probably measure the same latent construct. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) shows that MNP (diagnosis based on negative symptoms) is better modeled using PHEM symptoms, FTD, and PMR than negative symptoms.
In stable phase MNP, which is a restricted sample of the schizophrenia population, negative and PHEM symptoms, FTD and PMR belong to one underlying latent vector reflecting overall severity of schizophrenia (OSOS). The bi-dimensional concept of "positive" and "negative" symptoms cannot be validated and, therefore, future research in stable phase schizophrenia should consider that the latent phenomenon OSOS as well as its reflective manifestations are the key factors of schizophrenia phenomenology.
研究是否阴性症状、精神病性症状、敌对、兴奋和刻板（PHEM 症状）、形式思维障碍（FTD）和精神运动迟缓（PMR）是大神经认知精神病（MNP）或缺陷型精神分裂症中的相关现象，以及这些领域是否属于反映一般精神病理学的潜在潜在向量。
本研究招募了 120 名 MNP 或缺陷型精神分裂症患者和 54 名健康受试者，并测量了上述症状领域。
在 MNP 中，阴性和 PHEM 症状、FTD 和 PMR 之间存在显著关联。单一潜在特质，本质上是单维的，构成了这些精神分裂症和 MNP 的关键领域，并具有出色的内部一致性信度、收敛效度和预测相关性。确认性 Tedrad 分析表明，该潜在向量符合反射模型。缺乏判别效度表明阳性（和 PHEM 或精神病性）和阴性症状重叠很大，可能测量相同的潜在结构。软独立建模的类模拟（SIMCA）表明，使用 PHEM 症状、FTD 和 PMR 比使用阴性症状可以更好地模拟 MNP（基于阴性症状的诊断）。
在稳定期 MNP 中，阴性和 PHEM 症状、FTD 和 PMR 属于反映精神分裂症总体严重程度（OSOS）的一个潜在向量。“阳性”和“阴性”症状的二维概念不能得到验证，因此，稳定期精神分裂症的未来研究应考虑将潜在现象 OSOS 及其反射表现作为精神分裂症现象学的关键因素。
