Vasileva Mira, Graf Ramona K, Reinelt Tilman, Petermann Ulrike, Petermann Franz
Center for Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Child and Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Apr;62(4):372-381. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13261. Epub 2020 May 20.
Children younger than 7 years can develop mental disorders that might manifest differently than in older children or adolescents. However, little is known about the prevalence of mental disorders at this early age.
We systematically searched the literature in the databases Web of Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, MEDLINE, and Embase to identify epidemiological studies of community samples published between 2006 and 2020. A series of meta-analyses was conducted to estimate the pooled worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in general, specific mental disorders, and comorbidity in young children.
A total of ten epidemiological studies reporting data on N = 18,282 children (12-83 months old) from eight countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of mental disorders in general was 20.1%, 95% CI [15.7, 25.4]. Most common disorders were oppositional defiant disorder (4.9%, 95% CI [2.5, 9.5]) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (4.3%, 95% CI [2.5, 7.2]). The prevalence of any anxiety disorders was 8.5%, 95% CI [5.2, 13.5], and of any depressive disorders was 1.1%, 95% CI [0.8, 1.6]. Comorbidity was estimated at 6.4%, 95% CI [1.3, 54.0].
The literature search reveals that the epidemiology of mental disorders in children younger than 7 years is still a neglected area of research. The findings also indicate that there are a significant number of young children suffering from mental disorders who need appropriate age-adapted treatment.
7岁以下儿童可能会患上精神障碍，其表现可能与大龄儿童或青少年不同。然而，人们对这一年龄段精神障碍的患病率知之甚少。
我们系统检索了科学网、心理学文摘数据库、德国心理学文摘数据库、医学索引数据库和荷兰医学文摘数据库中的文献，以确定2006年至2020年间发表的关于社区样本的流行病学研究。进行了一系列荟萃分析，以估计全球范围内幼儿精神障碍、特定精神障碍及共病的合并患病率。
共有10项流行病学研究符合纳入标准，报告了来自8个国家的N = 18282名儿童（12 - 83个月大）的数据。精神障碍的总体合并患病率为20.1%，95%置信区间为[15.7, 25.4]。最常见的障碍是对立违抗障碍（4.9%，95%置信区间为[2.5, 9.5]）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（4.3%，95%置信区间为[2.5, 7.2]）。任何焦虑障碍的患病率为8.5%，95%置信区间为[5.2, 13.5]，任何抑郁障碍的患病率为1.1%，95%置信区间为[0.8, 1.6]。共病估计为6.4%，95%置信区间为[1.3, 54.0]。
文献检索表明，7岁以下儿童精神障碍的流行病学仍是一个被忽视的研究领域。研究结果还表明，有相当数量的幼儿患有精神障碍，需要适合其年龄的适当治疗。
