Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Sep;264:114808. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114808. Epub 2020 May 13.
Pesticides applied to paddy fields may pose considerable danger to non-target aquatic organisms and further threaten human health. Flufiprole is a pesticide used in rice fields; considering the widespread existence of rice-fish-farming ecosystems, the acute toxicities of flufiprole enantiomers and its six metabolites (fipronil, flufiprole sulfide, flufiprole sulfone, detrifluoromethylsulfinyl flufiprole, desulfinyl flufiprole, and flufiprole amide) to four common aquatic organisms in rice fields including Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (pond loach), Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp), Pelophylax nigromaculatus (black-spotted frog), and Daphnia magna (water flea) were investigated. Genotoxicity, pathological changes and the effects on the antioxidant system of M. anguillicaudatus were also evaluated after exposure. The LC (EC) values showed that fipronil and desulfinyl flufiprole were the most toxic compounds and were approximately about six times as toxic as flufiprole. No enantioselective toxicity was observed between the two enantiomers. The activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and gills of M. anguillicaudatus were significantly increased by the chemicals in most cases. In addition, fipronil and desulfinyl flufiprole were found to induce an increase in the micronucleus rate in M. anguillicaudatus. Histopathological analysis showed that the liver of M. anguillicaudatus was not significantly affected by flufiprole. Our study demonstrated a potential negative effect on flufiprole-treated aquatic organisms. As an alternative to fipronil, the environmental risk of flufiprole and its metabolites to non-target organisms in rice fields cannot be ignored.
稻田施用药剂可能对非靶标水生生物构成相当大的危险，并进一步威胁人类健康。氟吡呋喃酮是一种用于稻田的农药；考虑到稻田养鱼生态系统的广泛存在，氟吡呋喃酮对映体及其六种代谢物（氟虫腈、氟吡呋喃酮硫醚、氟吡呋喃酮砜、三氟甲基亚磺酰基氟吡呋喃酮、脱磺基氟吡呋喃酮和氟吡呋喃酮酰胺）对稻田中四种常见水生生物（泥鳅、鲫鱼、黑斑蛙和大型溞）的急性毒性进行了研究。还评估了暴露后泥鳅的遗传毒性、病理变化和对抗氧化系统的影响。LC（EC）值表明，氟虫腈和脱磺基氟吡呋喃酮是最毒的化合物，毒性约为氟吡呋喃酮的六倍。两种对映体之间没有观察到对映选择性毒性。在大多数情况下，化学物质会显著增加泥鳅肝脏和鳃中抗氧化防御酶的活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量。此外，氟虫腈和脱磺基氟吡呋喃酮被发现会导致泥鳅微核率增加。组织病理学分析表明，氟吡呋喃酮对泥鳅的肝脏没有明显影响。我们的研究表明，氟吡呋喃酮处理后的水生生物可能会产生负面影响。作为氟虫腈的替代品，氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物对稻田非靶标生物的环境风险不容忽视。
