Gupta Parakriti, Goyal Kapil, Kanta Poonam, Ghosh Arnab, Singh Mini P
Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2019 Oct-Dec;37(4):459-477. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_54.
An ongoing apocalyptic outbreak of a new virus causing pneumonia-like clusters in Wuhan city, China, has gleamed the world. The outbreak, confirmed on the New Year's Eve 2020, has known no boundaries since then. The number has surpassed that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and is uninterruptedly escalating. Being an RNA virus, it has a propensity to mutate due to the low proofreading capacity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Step-wise mutations have led to the gradual spillover of virus and after crossing the inter-species interface, the virus has adapted itself for a stable human-to-human transmission. The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can prove deadlier if the so-called 'super-spreading events' emerge with time. Recent research has shown the maximum homology of 99% of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins associated coronavirus, owing to which these can serve as potential intermediate host. India is responding swiftly to the emergency situation, and the whole of the country is under lockdown since 25 March 2020, to ensure social distancing. All the international flights are padlocked and the travellers are being screened at airports and seaports via thermal sensors, and quarantine for a period of 14 days is recommended. Three hundred and forty-five patients across the country tested positive with six fatalities as of 22 March 2020. No specific anti-CoV drugs are currently available. Patients are being treated with protease drugs are inhibitors, remdesivir, chloroquine, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors, ivermectin, sarilumab and tocilizumab, though none of these is Food and Drug Administration approved and are undergoing trials. Preventive measures such as social distancing, quarantine, cough etiquettes, proper hand washing, cleaning and decontaminating the surfaces are the mainstay for curbing the transmission of this virus. The present review highlights the update of novel SARS-CoV-2 in context to the Indian scenario.
中国武汉市爆发的一场由新型病毒引发的、类似肺炎聚集性病例的末日般疫情已震惊全球。此次疫情于2020年新年前夕得到确认，自那时起便不受国界限制。感染人数已超过严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）和中东呼吸综合征（MERS），且仍在不断攀升。作为一种RNA病毒，由于RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶校对能力较低，它有变异的倾向。逐步的变异导致病毒逐渐溢出，在跨越物种界面后，该病毒已适应了稳定的人际传播。如果随着时间推移出现所谓的“超级传播事件”，由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的疾病可能会变得更加致命。最近的研究表明，SARS-CoV-2与穿山甲相关冠状病毒的最大同源性为99%，因此穿山甲可作为潜在的中间宿主。印度正在迅速应对这一紧急情况，自2020年3月25日起全国实施封锁，以确保社交距离。所有国际航班停飞，旅客在机场和海港通过热传感器进行筛查，并建议进行为期14天的隔离。截至2020年3月22日，全国有345名患者检测呈阳性，6人死亡。目前尚无特效抗冠状病毒药物。患者正在使用蛋白酶药物抑制剂、瑞德西韦、氯喹、血管紧张素转换酶2抑制剂、伊维菌素、沙瑞鲁单抗和托珠单抗进行治疗，不过这些药物均未获美国食品药品监督管理局批准，正在进行试验。诸如保持社交距离、隔离、咳嗽礼仪、正确洗手、清洁和消毒表面等预防措施是遏制该病毒传播的主要手段。本综述重点介绍了印度境内新型SARS-CoV-2的最新情况。
