Plaumann Peter-Louis, Koch Christian
Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Plants (Basel). 2020 May 19;9(5):641. doi: 10.3390/plants9050641.
Many fungal pathogens carry accessory regions in their genome, which are not required for vegetative fitness. Often, although not always, these regions occur as relatively small chromosomes in different species. Such mini chromosomes appear to be a typical feature of many filamentous plant pathogens. Since these regions often carry genes coding for effectors or toxin-producing enzymes, they may be directly related to virulence of the respective pathogen. In this review, we outline the situation of small accessory chromosomes in the genus which accounts for ecologically important plant diseases. We summarize which species carry accessory chromosomes, their gene content, and chromosomal makeup. We discuss the large variation in size and number even between different isolates of the same species, their potential roles in host range, and possible mechanisms for intra- and interspecies exchange of these interesting genetic elements.
许多真菌病原体在其基因组中携带附属区域，这些区域对于营养体适应性并非必需。通常，尽管并非总是如此，这些区域在不同物种中以相对较小的染色体形式存在。这种微型染色体似乎是许多丝状植物病原体的典型特征。由于这些区域通常携带编码效应子或产毒素酶的基因，它们可能与相应病原体的毒力直接相关。在本综述中，我们概述了该属中小型附属染色体的情况，该属导致了具有重要生态意义的植物病害。我们总结了哪些物种携带附属染色体、它们的基因内容以及染色体组成。我们讨论了即使在同一物种的不同分离株之间大小和数量的巨大差异、它们在宿主范围中的潜在作用，以及这些有趣的遗传元件在种内和种间交换的可能机制。
