Miller Kenneth G, Browning James V, Schmelz W John, Kopp Robert E, Mountain Gregory S, Wright James D
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Institute of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Sci Adv. 2020 May 15;6(20):eaaz1346. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1346. eCollection 2020 May.
Using Pacific benthic foraminiferal δO and Mg/Ca records, we derive a Cenozoic (66 Ma) global mean sea level (GMSL) estimate that records evolution from an ice-free Early Eocene to Quaternary bipolar ice sheets. These GMSL estimates are statistically similar to "backstripped" estimates from continental margins accounting for compaction, loading, and thermal subsidence. Peak warmth, elevated GMSL, high CO, and ice-free "Hothouse" conditions (56 to 48 Ma) were followed by "Cool Greenhouse" (48 to 34 Ma) ice sheets (10 to 30 m changes). Continental-scale ice sheets ("Icehouse") began ~34 Ma (>50 m changes), permanent East Antarctic ice sheets at 12.8 Ma, and bipolar glaciation at 2.5 Ma. The largest GMSL fall (27 to 20 ka; ~130 m) was followed by a >40 mm/yr rise (19 to 10 ka), a slowing (10 to 2 ka), and a stillstand until ~1900 CE, when rates began to rise. High long-term CO caused warm climates and high sea levels, with sea-level variability dominated by periodic Milankovitch cycles.
利用太平洋底栖有孔虫的δO和Mg/Ca记录，我们得出了一个新生代（6600万年前）全球平均海平面（GMSL）的估计值，该值记录了从无冰的始新世早期到第四纪两极冰盖的演变。这些GMSL估计值在统计上与考虑压实、负载和热沉降的大陆边缘“回剥”估计值相似。在温暖峰值、GMSL升高、高二氧化碳浓度和无冰的“温室”条件（5600万至4800万年前）之后，出现了“冷温室”（4800万至3400万年前）冰盖（变化10至30米）。大陆规模的冰盖（“冰室”）大约在3400万年前开始形成（变化超过50米），1280万年前东极永久性冰盖形成，250万年前两极开始冰川作用。最大的GMSL下降期（27000至20000年前；约130米）之后是每年超过40毫米的上升期（19000至10000年前），上升速度减缓（10000至2000年前），并一直保持稳定直到公元1900年左右，之后速率又开始上升。长期高二氧化碳浓度导致气候温暖和海平面较高，海平面变化主要受米兰科维奇周期的影响。
