Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina, Siggia Eric D, Simunovic Mijo
Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2020 Mar;13:134-143. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Mar 8.
Synthetic embryology endeavors to use stem cells to recapitulate the first steps of mammalian development that define the body axes and first stages of fate assignment. Well-engineered synthetic systems provide an unparalleled assay to disentangle and quantify the contributions of individual tissues as well as the molecular components driving embryogenesis. Experiments using a mixture of mouse embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cell lines show a surprising degree of self-organization akin to certain milestones in the development of intact mouse embryos. To further advance the field and extend the mouse results to human, it is crucial to develop a better control of the assembly process as well as to establish a deeper understanding of the developmental state and potency of cells used in experiments at each step of the process. We review recent advances in the derivation of embryonic and extraembryonic stem cells, and we highlight recent efforts in reconstructing the structural and signaling aspects of embryogenesis in three-dimensional tissue cultures.
合成胚胎学致力于利用干细胞重现哺乳动物发育的最初步骤，这些步骤定义了身体轴线和命运分配的最初阶段。精心设计的合成系统提供了一种无与伦比的分析方法，用于剖析和量化各个组织以及驱动胚胎发育的分子成分的贡献。使用小鼠胚胎干细胞和胚胎外干细胞系混合物进行的实验显示出惊人的自组织程度，类似于完整小鼠胚胎发育中的某些里程碑。为了进一步推动该领域的发展并将小鼠实验结果扩展到人类，关键是要更好地控制组装过程，并更深入地了解实验过程中每个步骤所使用细胞的发育状态和潜能。我们回顾了胚胎干细胞和胚胎外干细胞衍生方面的最新进展，并强调了在三维组织培养中重建胚胎发育的结构和信号方面的最新努力。
