Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 11341, Egypt.
J Vet Sci. 2024 May;25(3):e40. doi: 10.4142/jvs.24004.
The creation of robust maternal-embryonic interactions and implantation models is important for comprehending the early stages of embryonic development and reproductive disorders. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems often fail to accurately mimic the highly complex conditions. The employment of three-dimensional (3D) organoids has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations in recent years. The advancements in the field of organoid technology have opened new avenues for studying the physiology and diseases affecting female reproductive tract.
This review summarizes the current strategies and advancements in the field of 3D organoids to establish maternal-embryonic interaction and implantation models for use in research and personalized medicine in assisted reproductive technology. The concepts of endometrial organoids, menstrual blood flow organoids, placental trophoblast organoids, stem cell-derived blastoids, and in vitro-generated embryo models are discussed in detail. We show the incorportaion of organoid systems and microfluidic technology to enhance tissue performance and precise management of the cellular surroundings.
This review provides insights into the future direction of modeling maternal-embryonic interaction research and its combination with other powerful technologies to interfere with this dialogue either by promoting or hindering it for improving fertility or methods for contraception, respectively. The merging of organoid systems with microfluidics facilitates the creation of sophisticated and functional organoid models, enhancing insights into organ development, disease mechanisms, and personalized medical investigations.
创建稳健的母胎相互作用和植入模型对于理解胚胎发育和生殖障碍的早期阶段非常重要。传统的二维（2D）细胞培养系统往往无法准确模拟高度复杂的条件。近年来，使用三维（3D）类器官已成为克服这些限制的一种有前途的策略。类器官技术领域的进步为研究女性生殖道的生理学和疾病开辟了新途径。
本综述总结了 3D 类器官领域的当前策略和进展，以建立用于研究和辅助生殖技术中个性化医学的母胎相互作用和植入模型。详细讨论了子宫内膜类器官、月经血流类器官、胎盘滋养层类器官、干细胞衍生的拟胚体和体外生成的胚胎模型的概念。我们展示了类器官系统和微流控技术的整合，以增强组织性能和对细胞环境的精确管理。
本综述提供了对未来母胎相互作用研究建模方向的深入了解，并探讨了将其与其他强大技术相结合，以分别通过促进或阻碍该对话来提高生育能力或避孕方法的可能性。类器官系统与微流控技术的融合促进了复杂而功能强大的类器官模型的创建，从而深入了解器官发育、疾病机制和个性化医学研究。
