Wittman Jacob T, Aukema Brian H
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
J Insect Sci. 2020 May 1;20(3). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa036.
The ability to replicate scientific experiments is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Sharing ideas, workflows, data, and protocols facilitates testing the generalizability of results, increases the speed that science progresses, and enhances quality control of published work. Fields of science such as medicine, the social sciences, and the physical sciences have embraced practices designed to increase replicability. Granting agencies, for example, may require data management plans and journals may require data and code availability statements along with the deposition of data and code in publicly available repositories. While many tools commonly used in replicable workflows such as distributed version control systems (e.g., 'git') or script programming languages for data cleaning and analysis may have a steep learning curve, their adoption can increase individual efficiency and facilitate collaborations both within entomology and across disciplines. The open science movement is developing within the discipline of entomology, but practitioners of these concepts or those desiring to work more collaboratively across disciplines may be unsure where or how to embrace these initiatives. This article is meant to introduce some of the tools entomologists can incorporate into their workflows to increase the replicability and openness of their work. We describe these tools and others, recommend additional resources for learning more about these tools, and discuss the benefits to both individuals and the scientific community and potential drawbacks associated with implementing a replicable workflow.
复制科学实验的能力是科学方法的基石。分享想法、工作流程、数据和实验方案有助于检验结果的普遍性，提高科学进步的速度，并加强已发表作品的质量控制。医学、社会科学和物理科学等科学领域已经采用了旨在提高可重复性的做法。例如，资助机构可能要求提供数据管理计划，期刊可能要求提供数据和代码可用性声明，并将数据和代码存放在公开可用的存储库中。虽然可复制工作流程中常用的许多工具，如分布式版本控制系统（如“git”）或用于数据清理和分析的脚本编程语言，可能学习曲线较陡，但采用这些工具可以提高个人效率，并促进昆虫学内部以及跨学科的合作。开放科学运动正在昆虫学学科内部发展，但这些概念的实践者或那些希望跨学科进行更多合作的人可能不确定在哪里或如何接受这些倡议。本文旨在介绍一些昆虫学家可以纳入其工作流程的工具，以提高其工作的可重复性和开放性。我们描述了这些工具和其他工具，推荐了更多了解这些工具的额外资源，并讨论了对个人和科学界的好处以及实施可复制工作流程相关的潜在缺点。
