Emily Lammers, PharmD, PGY-1 Community-Based Pharmacy Resident, Albertsons Company-Jewel Osco Division, and Adjunct Pharmacy Faculty, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL.
Sneha Baxi Srivastava, PharmD, BCACP, CDE, DipACLM-Certified Lifestyle Medicine Practitioner, and Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL.
Orthop Nurs. 2020 May/Jun;39(3):194-198. doi: 10.1097/NOR.0000000000000657.
Constipation seems like a ubiquitous condition, something people of all ages experience and many complain about. It is often associated with infrequent bowel movements; however, in reality, constipation has a wide array of symptoms including hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, abdominal discomfort, bloating, distension, excessive straining, sensation of anorectal blockage, or need for manual maneuvers during defecation. Determining the cause of the constipation is essential to ensure the appropriate treatment approach. The patient evaluation consists of collecting subjective and objective information. Constipation has many different treatment options, with many treatments available as over-the-counter products as well as prescription medications. For most types of constipation, nonpharmacological and dietary changes are typically recommended as first-line treatment. Prescription medications are available with indications for specific types of constipation. Both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions have a key role, and follow-up is important to ensure treatment is appropriate and adequate.
便秘似乎是一种普遍存在的情况，各个年龄段的人都会经历，很多人也会因此抱怨。它通常与排便不频繁有关；然而，实际上，便秘有一系列广泛的症状，包括硬便、排便不净感、腹部不适、腹胀、膨胀、过度用力、肛门直肠阻塞感，或在排便时需要手动操作。确定便秘的原因对于确保采取适当的治疗方法至关重要。患者评估包括收集主观和客观信息。便秘有许多不同的治疗选择，许多治疗方法都可以作为非处方产品和处方药物。对于大多数类型的便秘，通常建议首先进行非药物和饮食改变。有特定类型便秘适应证的处方药物也可使用。非药物和药物干预都有重要作用，随访也很重要，以确保治疗方法是恰当和充分的。
