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医院废物和废水的消毒技术：中国 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间消毒策略的建议。

Disinfection technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: Suggestions for disinfection strategy during coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China.

机构信息

National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.

National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.

出版信息

Environ Pollut. 2020 Jul;262:114665. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114665. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114665
PMID:32443202
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7194566/
Abstract

Hospitals are important sources of pollutants resulted from diagnostic, laboratory and research activities as well as medicine excretion by patients, which include active component of drugs and metabolite, chemicals, residues of pharmaceuticals, radioactive markers, iodinated contrast media, etc. The discharge of hospital wastes and wastewater, especially those without appropriate treatment would expose the public in danger of infection. In particular, under the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic context in China, it is of great significance to reduce the health risks to the public and environment. In this study, technologies of different types of hospital wastes and wastewater disinfection have been summarized. Liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet irradiation disinfection are commonly used for hospital wastewater disinfection. While incineration, chemical disinfection, and physical disinfection are commonly used for hospital wastes disinfection. In addition, considering the characteristics of various hospital wastes, the classification and selection of corresponding disinfection technologies are discussed. On this basis, this study provides scientific suggestions for management, technology selection, and operation of hospital wastes and wastewater disinfection in China, which is of great significance for development of national disinfection strategy for hospital wastes and wastewater during COVID-19 pandemic.

摘要

医院是由诊断、实验室和研究活动以及患者排泄的药物等污染物的重要来源，其中包括药物的活性成分和代谢物、化学物质、药物残留、放射性标记物、含碘对比剂等。医院废物和废水的排放，特别是未经适当处理的排放，会使公众面临感染的危险。特别是在中国 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的背景下，降低对公众和环境的健康风险具有重要意义。在本研究中，总结了不同类型的医院废物和废水消毒技术。液氯、次氯酸钠、二氧化氯、臭氧和紫外线照射消毒常用于医院废水消毒。而焚烧、化学消毒和物理消毒常用于医院废物消毒。此外，考虑到各种医院废物的特点，讨论了相应消毒技术的分类和选择。在此基础上，本研究为中国医院废物和废水消毒的管理、技术选择和运行提供了科学建议，对制定 COVID-19 大流行期间国家医院废物和废水消毒策略具有重要意义。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/3a72e3949ad6/gr5_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/5f6165446fb6/fx1_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/05ff6d603a76/gr1_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/36336c4448e3/gr2_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/f3c501c265e2/gr3_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/a015385ffa55/gr4_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/3a72e3949ad6/gr5_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/5f6165446fb6/fx1_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/05ff6d603a76/gr1_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/36336c4448e3/gr2_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/f3c501c265e2/gr3_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/a015385ffa55/gr4_lrg.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3d2a/7194566/3a72e3949ad6/gr5_lrg.jpg

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