Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Jul;262:114358. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114358. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Bird guano and the faeces of marine mammals appear to be a significant yet undisclosed biotransporter of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in the marine environment. The authors determined the concentration of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) removed from birds and seals in their droppings into the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea).The research was carried out on samples of bird guano collected during the breeding season and after in 2016 at nesting sites, as well as on faecal samples from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus grypus) living in the Seal Centre of the Marine Station in Hel between 2014 and 2018. Measurements were carried out using high performance chromatography with fluorescence detector. Results have shown that the presence of seabird habitats and grey seal colonies in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdansk can have an impact on the pollution of the seashore (beach sand, bottom sediment and surface seawater) with phenol derivatives. The concentrations of BPA, 4-t-OP and 4-NP ranged from 0.1 to 32.97 ng∙gdw in sediment and beach sand, and from 0.23 to over 800 ng dm in seawater. In the cases of bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol safe concentration levels in the waters were exceeded. Bisphenol A concentrations were almost always found to be the highest. This was also noted in bird guano and seal faeces, although it was found to be much higher in the seal faeces - average 10149.79 ng g dw, than in bird guano. An experiment conducted to assess BPA, 4-t-OP, 4-NP leaching from bird guano and seal faeces into seawater, also confirmed the importance of animal excrement in the circulation of these compounds in the marine ecosystem. The highest % of leaching related to BPA was noted at 20 °C and reached 84%. The lowest % of leaching was for 4-nonylphenol (44%).
鸟类粪便和海洋哺乳动物的粪便似乎是海洋环境中内分泌干扰化合物的一种重要但未被披露的生物转运体。作者测定了从鸟类和海豹的粪便中去除的双酚 A（BPA）、4-叔辛基酚（4-t-OP）和 4-壬基酚（4-NP）在格但斯克湾（波罗的海南部）沿海地区的浓度。该研究于 2016 年在繁殖季节和繁殖后在筑巢地点采集了鸟类粪便样本，并于 2014 年至 2018 年在海洋站海豹中心采集了生活在 Hel 的灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus grypus）的粪便样本。测量使用带有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱法进行。结果表明，格但斯克湾沿海地区海鸟栖息地和灰海豹群的存在会对海滩（沙滩、底泥和表层海水）中酚类衍生物的污染产生影响。BPA、4-t-OP 和 4-NP 的浓度在沉积物和沙滩中为 0.1 至 32.97ng·gdw，在海水中为 0.23 至超过 800ng·dm。在双酚 A 和 4-叔辛基酚的情况下，水中的安全浓度水平被超过。双酚 A 的浓度几乎总是最高的。在鸟类粪便和海豹粪便中也注意到了这一点，尽管在海豹粪便中的浓度要高得多——平均为 10149.79ng·g dw，而在鸟类粪便中则要低得多。一项评估 BPA、4-t-OP、4-NP 从鸟类粪便和海豹粪便浸出到海水中的实验也证实了动物粪便在这些化合物在海洋生态系统中的循环中的重要性。在 20°C 时，BPA 的浸出率最高，达到 84%。4-壬基酚（4-NP）的浸出率最低（44%）。
