Carrera de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, 11050, Loja, Ecuador.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(23):29554-29566. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09238-6. Epub 2020 May 22.
In the past decades, renewable energy consumption has grown considerably because of environmental degradation caused by non-renewable energy consumption. This research aims to find the causal link between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, human capital, and non-renewable energy price for the 53 most renewable energy-consuming countries worldwide (hydroelectric) during the period 1990-2017. We use data collected from the World Bank ( http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators , 2018) and Statistical Review of World Energy ( https://www.bp.com/ , 2018). We test simultaneously two types of regressions in order to measure the degree of elasticity of the two types of energy by using econometric techniques for panel data. The results of the GLS models indicate that human capital has a stronger significant effect on renewable energy consumption at the global level, in the middle high-income countries and low-middle income countries, compared with non-renewable energy consumption. Besides, at the global level, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the non-renewable energy price and the two types of energy consumption. There is a long-run consumption of both types of energy. On the other hand, the one-way relationship between human capital and non-renewable energy price and renewable energy consumption is stronger than the relationship with non-renewable energy consumption. The policy implications derived from this study should be designed to promote human capital development in order to promote renewable energy consumption and increase the investment in renewable energy sources to guarantee their access to lower prices that reduce non-renewable energy consumption.
在过去的几十年中，由于不可再生能源消耗对环境造成的破坏，可再生能源的消耗大幅增长。本研究旨在为全球 53 个可再生能源消耗最多的国家（水力发电）寻找可再生能源和不可再生能源消耗、人力资本和不可再生能源价格之间的因果关系。研究期间为 1990-2017 年。我们使用世界银行（http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators，2018 年）和《世界能源统计评论》（https://www.bp.com/，2018 年）收集的数据。为了使用面板数据的计量经济学技术衡量两种能源的弹性程度，我们同时进行了两种类型的回归测试。GLS 模型的结果表明，与不可再生能源消耗相比，全球水平以及中高收入国家和中低收入国家的人力资本对可再生能源消耗的影响更强。此外，在全球水平上，不可再生能源价格与两种能源消耗之间存在正相关且具有统计学意义的关系。两种能源都存在长期消耗。另一方面，人力资本和不可再生能源价格与可再生能源消耗之间的单向关系强于与不可再生能源消耗之间的关系。本研究得出的政策意义应该旨在促进人力资本的发展，以促进可再生能源的消耗，并增加对可再生能源的投资，以保证它们能够获得更低的价格，从而减少不可再生能源的消耗。
