Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
FASEB J. 2020 Jul;34(7):8810-8823. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000651. Epub 2020 May 23.
The glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB, also known as osteoactivin) is highly expressed in many cell types and regulates the homeostasis in various tissues. In different physiological contexts, it functions as a melanosome-associated protein, membrane-bound surface receptor, soluble ligand, or adhesion molecule. Therefore, GPNMB is involved in cell differentiation, migration, inflammation, metabolism, and neuroprotection. Because of its various involvement in different physiological conditions, GPNMB has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and more recently immune-mediated diseases. This review summarizes the regulation and function of GPNMB in normal physiology, and discusses the involvement of GPNMB in disease conditions with a particular focus on its potential role and therapeutic implications in autoimmunity.
糖蛋白非转移性黑色素瘤蛋白 B（GPNMB，也称为骨激活素）在许多细胞类型中高度表达，并调节各种组织的内稳态。在不同的生理环境下，它作为黑素体相关蛋白、膜结合表面受体、可溶性配体或黏附分子发挥作用。因此，GPNMB 参与细胞分化、迁移、炎症、代谢和神经保护。由于其在不同生理条件下的多种参与，GPNMB 与许多疾病有关，包括癌症、神经紊乱，以及最近的免疫介导性疾病。本综述总结了 GPNMB 在正常生理中的调节和功能，并讨论了 GPNMB 在疾病状态下的参与，特别关注其在自身免疫中的潜在作用和治疗意义。
