Unidad de Investigación en Análisis y Síntesis de la Evidencia, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2020 Jan-Mar;67(1):62-72. doi: 10.29262/ram.v67i1.733.
Systematic reviews are secondary investigations that compile published results that have been obtained from studies involving human subjects. Meta-analysis is the term used to describe the carrying out of statistical analysis of the combination of the results of two or more original studies, which had to be selected from a systematic review. In this way, a meta-analysis cannot exist without a systematic review. Systematic reviews arise due to the exponential increase in the information; to provide all health personnel with a study that critically analyzes the results and discriminates those that may be useful in clinical practice. Systematic reviews are one of the fundamental tools in evidence-based medicine, in which two of the main steps refer to both the search and the critical analysis of the studies, which shall support medical decisions on aspects that are mainly related to diagnosis, treatment, or prognosis. On the other hand, systematic reviews have been essential for some time now when developing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and they can be used to make decisions on health policies. The methodology for performing and interpreting systematic reviews and meta-analysis is described in this article.
系统评价是二次研究，它综合了来自涉及人体受试者的研究的已发表结果。荟萃分析是用于描述对两个或更多原始研究结果进行统计分析的术语，这些原始研究必须从系统评价中选择。因此，没有系统评价就不可能有荟萃分析。系统评价是由于信息量的指数级增长而产生的，旨在为所有卫生人员提供一项批判性分析结果并区分可能对临床实践有用的研究。系统评价是循证医学的基本工具之一，其中两个主要步骤都涉及研究的搜索和批判性分析，这些将支持医疗决策，主要涉及诊断、治疗或预后方面。另一方面，系统评价在制定循证临床实践指南方面一直至关重要，并且可以用于做出有关卫生政策的决策。本文介绍了进行和解释系统评价和荟萃分析的方法。
