Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud, Norway; Unit for Inborn and Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jun;4(6):455-464. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30400-6.
Several features and comorbidities in Down syndrome have nutritional implications and consequences. In infancy and early childhood, children with Down syndrome have a high risk of oral motor difficulties and pharyngeal dysphagia with aspiration, which both require systematic attention. To improve nutritional status in children who are underweight and who have clinical signs of feeding problems, further evaluation of underlying causes is required. Clinical interventions should promote swallowing safety and development of feeding abilities. Even from 4-5 years of age, overweight in children with Down syndrome can be a concern. To prevent disease later in life, an urgent need exists for more research on nutritional aspects in the prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents with Down syndrome. This Review did not find any data to support the use of dietary supplementation, except when deficiency is documented. Additionally, the literature reported the need for more research that uses larger study samples and control groups and that addresses important nutritional challenges in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.
唐氏综合征的多种特征和合并症对营养有影响和后果。在婴儿期和幼儿期，唐氏综合征患儿口腔运动困难和咽部吞咽困难伴误吸的风险较高，这两者都需要系统关注。为了改善体重不足和有喂养问题临床症状患儿的营养状况，需要进一步评估潜在原因。临床干预应促进吞咽安全和喂养能力的发展。即使在 4-5 岁，唐氏综合征患儿超重也值得关注。为了预防以后的疾病，迫切需要对唐氏综合征青少年肥胖的预防和治疗中的营养问题进行更多的研究。这篇综述没有发现任何数据支持使用膳食补充剂，除非有证据表明缺乏。此外，文献报告需要进行更多的研究，使用更大的研究样本和对照组，并解决唐氏综合征儿童和青少年的重要营养挑战。
