Woldeamanuel Berhanu Teshome, Anteneh Leul Mekonnen, Yohannes Yordanos Berihun, Aga Merga Abdissa
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia.
J Addict. 2020 May 9;2020:8105087. doi: 10.1155/2020/8105087. eCollection 2020.
The use of substances such as cigarettes, khat, alcohol, and other illicit drugs like hashish, heroine, cannabis, and cocaine is a global major public threat, which affects young adult people particularly in developing countries. This study aims to assess the risk factors associated with substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents in north Shewa zone, Oromia region.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents in North Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, using a structured self-administered questionnaire adapted from the 2008 "Community That Care Youth Survey" for adolescent substance use and problem behaviors. The study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to identify the significant factors associated with substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high school adolescents in the study area.
The prevalence of lifetime and current substance use was 47.7% (95% CI: 0.427, 0.527) and 30.4% (95% CI: 0.258, 0.350), respectively. 17.8% use khat in their life and 16.6% used khat in the past 30 days; 42.2% ever used alcohol and 26.1% currently uses alcohol; 4.8% and 4.5% used cigarette in lifetime and in the past 30 days, while 16.4% use other illicit drugs in lifetime and 8.4% use illicit drugs in the past 30 days, respectively. Distributions of substance use by sex indicate that male adolescents are more like likely 61.1% use substances than females. While, the prevalence of exposure to sexually explicit materials among high school adolescents was 35.8% (95% CI: 0.310, 0.406). Factors positively associated with increased substance use were being male (OR = 2.334, 95% CI: 1.549, 9.926), living through high level of family conflict (OR = 6.25, 95% CI: 1.745, 10.00), poor family management OR = 27.084, 95% CI: 1.624, 45.56), peer pressure (OR = 12.882, 95% CI: 1.882, 88.153), poor academic performance (OR = 14.48, 95% CI: 1.290, 162.58), and low school commitment (OR = 11.951, 95% CI: 1.418, 100.73). While, being male (OR = 7.52, 95% CI: 2.611, 21.739), age 14-16 (OR = 0.201, 95% CI: 0.071, 0.565), friends watch/read sexually explicit materials (OR = 5.376, 95% CI: 1.010, 28.571), and khat chewing (OR = 12.5, 95% CI: 2.924, 25.632) were factors significantly associated with high-school adolescents exposure to sexually explicit materials.
The magnitude of prevalence for substance uses and exposure to sexually explicit materials in the study area was still higher. Therefore, interventions that focus on family management, peer pressure, and school commitment are required to decrease the prevalence of substance uses and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents.
使用香烟、巧茶、酒精以及大麻、海洛因、可卡因等其他非法药物是一项全球性的重大公共威胁，尤其对发展中国家的年轻人造成影响。本研究旨在评估奥罗米亚州北谢瓦地区高中青少年使用毒品及接触色情制品的相关风险因素。
采用横断面研究方法，使用一份改编自2008年“关爱社区青少年调查”的结构化自填问卷，评估埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州北谢瓦地区高中青少年的毒品使用情况及接触色情制品的情况，该问卷用于调查青少年的毒品使用及问题行为。本研究运用描述性统计和逻辑回归分析，以确定研究区域内高中青少年使用毒品及接触色情制品的相关显著因素。
终生及当前毒品使用率分别为47.7%（95%置信区间：0.427，0.527）和30.4%（95%置信区间：0.258，0.350）。17.8%的人一生中使用过巧茶，16.6%的人在过去30天内使用过巧茶；42.2%的人曾使用过酒精，26.1%的人当前使用酒精；4.8%和4.5%的人一生中及过去30天内使用过香烟，而16.4%的人一生中使用过其他非法药物，8.4%的人在过去30天内使用过非法药物。按性别划分的毒品使用分布表明，男性青少年使用毒品的可能性更高，为61.1%。同时，高中青少年接触色情制品的患病率为35.8%（95%置信区间：0.310，0.406）。与毒品使用增加呈正相关的因素包括男性（比值比=2.334，95%置信区间：1.549，9.926）、经历高水平家庭冲突（比值比=6.25，95%置信区间：1.745，10.00）、家庭管理不善（比值比=27.084，95%置信区间：1.624，45.56）、同伴压力（比值比=12.882，95%置信区间：1.882，88.153）、学业成绩差（比值比=14.48，95%置信区间：1.290，162.58）以及学校投入度低（比值比=11.951，95%置信区间：1.418，100.73）。而男性（比值比=7.52，95%置信区间：2.611，21.739）、年龄14 - 16岁（比值比=0.201，95%置信区间：0.071，0.565）、朋友观看/阅读色情制品（比值比=5.376，95%置信区间：1.010，28.571）以及咀嚼巧茶（比值比=12.5，95%置信区间：2.924，25.632）是与高中青少年接触色情制品显著相关的因素。
研究区域内毒品使用及接触色情制品的患病率仍然较高。因此，需要开展侧重于家庭管理、同伴压力和学校投入度的干预措施，以降低高中青少年的毒品使用率及接触色情制品的比例。
