Birhanu Anteneh Messele, Bisetegn Telake Azale, Woldeyohannes Solomon Meseret
Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Nov 20;14:1186. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1186.
Substance use is a major public health concern in global settings, and is very common during adolescence period leading to physical and/or mental health complications. This study assessed the prevalence of substance use and associated factors among high school adolescents in Woreta Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2012.
A school based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 7 to April 15, 2012 amongst 684 9th to 12th grade high school students in the town of Woreta. Participants were selected by stratified sampling, and data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire adapted from the 2008 Community That Care Youth Survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with substance use.
A total of 651 students participated in the study with a response rate of 95.2%. The current prevalence of substance use among Woreta high school students was 47.9% and life-time prevalence was 65.4%. The current and lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 40.9% and 59% respectively. Siblings' use of substances (AOR [95% CI]: 2.72 [1.79, 4.14]), family history of alcohol and substance use (AOR [95% CI] 2.24 [1.39-3.59]) and friends' use of substances (AOR [95% CI] 2.14 [1.44-3.18]) were factors positively associated with substance use. On the other hand, religiosity and social skill were found to be 54% (AOR [95% CI] 0.46, [0.31-0.68]) and 39% (AOR [95% CI] 0.6 [0.40-0.91]) negatively associated with substance use.
The prevalence of substance use amongst adolescents was high for the three substances namely alcohol, cigarette and khat with alcohol being the most common. Community norms favorable to substance use, family history of alcohol and substance use, siblings' substance use, poor academic performance, low perceived risk of substances and friends' use of substances had positive association with adolescent substance use while religiosity and social skills were found to have negative association with adolescent substance use. Initiate public awareness campaigns to inform adolescents and adults, particularly parents, of the risk of substance use. Developing culture friendly, gender based adolescent and family based programs and initiating public awareness are recommended to decrease substance use by adolescents.
物质使用是全球公共卫生的一个主要关注点，在青少年时期非常普遍，会导致身体和/或心理健康问题。本研究评估了2012年埃塞俄比亚西北部沃雷塔镇高中生物质使用的患病率及相关因素。
2012年4月7日至4月15日，在沃雷塔镇对684名9至12年级的高中生进行了一项基于学校的横断面研究。参与者通过分层抽样选取，数据通过改编自2008年“关爱社区青少年调查”的匿名问卷收集。进行二元和多元逻辑回归分析以确定与物质使用相关的因素。
共有651名学生参与研究，应答率为95.2%。沃雷塔镇高中生当前物质使用患病率为47.9%，终生患病率为65.4%。当前和终生酒精使用率分别为40.9%和59%。兄弟姐妹的物质使用（优势比[AOR][95%置信区间]：2.72[1.79,4.14]）、酒精和物质使用家族史（AOR[95%置信区间]2.24[1.39 - 3.59]）以及朋友的物质使用（AOR[95%置信区间]2.14[1.44 - 3.18]）是与物质使用呈正相关的因素。另一方面，宗教信仰和社交技能与物质使用呈负相关，分别为54%（AOR[95%置信区间]0.46，[0.31 - 0.68]）和39%（AOR[95%置信区间]0.6[0.40 - 0.91]）。
青少年中酒精、香烟和巧茶这三种物质的使用患病率较高，其中酒精最为常见。有利于物质使用的社区规范、酒精和物质使用家族史、兄弟姐妹的物质使用、学业成绩差、对物质的低感知风险以及朋友的物质使用与青少年物质使用呈正相关，而宗教信仰和社交技能与青少年物质使用呈负相关。发起公众意识宣传活动，告知青少年和成年人，特别是家长，物质使用的风险。建议制定适合文化、基于性别的青少年和家庭计划并开展公众意识宣传，以减少青少年的物质使用。
