Department of Sustainable Crop Production-DIPROVES, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Department of Animal, Food and Nutrition Science-DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 May 22;12(5):341. doi: 10.3390/toxins12050341.
Total phenolic content (TPC) and several phenolic acids present in rice grains were compared with fungal infection and mycotoxin presence throughout the growing season. Samples of 4 rice varieties were collected in 2018 and 2019 at 3 different plant phenological stages. Total fungal and main mycotoxigenic fungi incidence were checked and mycotoxin content was analysed. On the same samples, TPC and the concentration of 8 main phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatecuic acid and gallic acid) were measured. The results showed significant differences between years for both fungal incidence and mycotoxin presence. In 2018 there was a lower fungal presence (42%) than in 2019 (57%) while, regarding mycotoxins, sterigmatocystin (STC) was found in almost all the samples and at all growing stages while deoxynivalenol (DON) was found particularly during ripening. An interesting relationship was found between fungal incidence and TPC, and some phenolic acids seemed to be more involved than others in the plant defense system. Ferulic acid and protocatecuic acid showed a different trend during the growing season depending on fungal incidence and resulted to be positively correlated with -coumaric acid and 4-HBA that seem involved in mycotoxin containment in field.
总酚含量（TPC）和几种存在于米粒中的酚酸，与整个生长季节的真菌感染和霉菌毒素存在情况进行了比较。2018 年和 2019 年，在 3 个不同的植物物候阶段，收集了 4 个水稻品种的样本。检查了总真菌和主要产毒真菌的发病率，并分析了霉菌毒素含量。在同一批样本中，测量了 TPC 和 8 种主要酚酸（绿原酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、4-羟基苯甲酸（4-HBA）、-香豆酸、阿魏酸、原儿茶酸和没食子酸）的浓度。结果表明，真菌发病率和霉菌毒素存在情况在两年之间存在显著差异。2018 年的真菌存在率（42%）低于 2019 年（57%），而关于霉菌毒素，几乎所有样本在所有生长阶段都发现了桔青霉素（STC），而脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）则主要在成熟阶段发现。发现真菌发病率与 TPC 之间存在有趣的关系，一些酚酸似乎比其他酚酸更参与植物防御系统。阿魏酸和原儿茶酸在生长季节的趋势不同，取决于真菌发病率，与-香豆酸和 4-HBA 呈正相关，这两种酸似乎参与了田间霉菌毒素的遏制。
