Morcia Caterina, Tumino Giorgio, Ghizzoni Roberta, Bara Assetou, Salhi Nesrine, Terzi Valeria
Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy.
Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Ouargla 30 000, Algérie.
Molecules. 2017 Jul 29;22(8):1271. doi: 10.3390/molecules22081271.
Phytopathogenic fungi can lead to significant cereal yield losses, also producing mycotoxins dangerous for human and animal health. The fungal control based on the use of synthetic fungicides can be complemented by "green" methods for crop protection, based on the use of natural products. In this frame, the antifungal activities of bergamot and lemon essential oils and of five natural compounds recurrent in essential oils (citronellal, citral, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde and limonene) have been evaluated against three species of mycotoxigenic fungi (, and ) responsible for Fusarium Head Blight in small-grain cereals. The natural products concentrations effective for reducing or inhibiting the in vitro fungal growth were determined for each fungal species and the following scale of potency was found: cinnamaldehyde > cuminaldehyde > citral > citronellal > bergamot oil > limonene > lemon oil. Moreover, the in vitro mycotoxin productions of the three Fusaria strains exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of the seven products was evaluated. The three fungal species showed variability in response to the treatments, both in terms of inhibition of mycelial growth and in terms of modulation of mycotoxin production that can be enhanced by sub-lethal concentrations of some natural products. This last finding must be taken into account in the frame of an open field application of some plant-derived fungicides.
植物病原真菌可导致谷物产量大幅损失，还会产生对人类和动物健康有害的霉菌毒素。基于合成杀菌剂的真菌防治可通过基于天然产物的“绿色”作物保护方法加以补充。在此框架下，已评估了佛手柑和柠檬精油以及精油中常见的五种天然化合物（香茅醛、柠檬醛、肉桂醛、枯茗醛和柠檬烯）对三种导致小粒谷物镰刀菌穗腐病的产毒真菌（、和）的抗真菌活性。针对每种真菌确定了有效降低或抑制体外真菌生长的天然产物浓度，并发现了以下效力等级：肉桂醛＞枯茗醛＞柠檬醛＞香茅醛＞佛手柑油＞柠檬烯＞柠檬油。此外，还评估了暴露于七种产品亚致死浓度下的三种镰刀菌菌株的体外霉菌毒素产生情况。这三种真菌对处理的反应在菌丝体生长抑制和霉菌毒素产生调节方面均表现出变异性，某些天然产物的亚致死浓度可增强这种调节。在一些植物源杀菌剂的田间应用框架内，必须考虑到这一最新发现。
