Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Mar 15;11(3):163. doi: 10.3390/toxins11030163.
To evaluate the influence of weather conditions on mycotoxin presence in wheat, deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3AcDON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15AcDON), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), nivalenol (NIV), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), neosolaniol (NEO) and zearalenone (ZEN) were evaluated in 102 Romanian wheat samples coming from five wheat growing areas during 2015. Only six mycotoxins were detected, while FUS-X, DAS, NEO and NIV were not present in the wheat samples. Mycotoxin concentrations were correlated with precipitation and temperature values during anthesis and the preharvest period. Overall, the highest frequency was registered for DON, while the lowest frequency was registered for NIV. In the North Muntenia, DON and ZEN registered high frequencies (68% and 16%, respectively). This region was characterized in June and July by medium to high values of rainfall (41⁻100 mm/month) and normal temperatures (mean of 20.0 °C in June and 24.0 °C in July), suggesting that precipitation levels influence fungi and mycotoxin development to a greater extent compared to the influence of temperature.
为了评估天气条件对小麦中霉菌毒素存在的影响，我们评估了 102 个来自罗马尼亚五个小麦种植区的 2015 年小麦样品中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3AcDON）、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15AcDON）、伏马菌素-X（FUS-X）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）、HT-2 毒素（HT-2）、T-2 毒素（T-2）、二乙酰基交链孢酚（DAS）、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇（NEO）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）。只有六种霉菌毒素被检测到，而 FUS-X、DAS、NEO 和 NIV 不存在于小麦样品中。霉菌毒素浓度与抽穗期和收获前期间的降水和温度值相关。总体而言，DON 的检出频率最高，而 NIV 的检出频率最低。在北 Muntenia，DON 和 ZEN 的检出频率较高（分别为 68%和 16%）。该地区在 6 月和 7 月的降雨量（41⁻100 毫米/月）和正常温度（6 月平均 20.0°C，7 月平均 24.0°C）较高，表明降水水平对真菌和霉菌毒素的发展影响大于温度的影响。
