Mental Health Nursing Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Nurs Philos. 2020 Jul;21(3):e12301. doi: 10.1111/nup.12301. Epub 2020 May 27.
This article describes how an empirically supported theory of human behaviour, perceptual control theory, can be used to advance nursing practice and improve health outcomes for people who are accessing nursing care. Nursing often takes a pragmatic approach to the delivery of care, with an emphasis on doing what appears to work. This focus on pragmatism can sometimes take precedence over any consideration of the underlying theoretical assumptions that inform decisions to take one particular approach over another or the mechanisms through which nursing interventions have their effects. For nursing to develop as a profession, there needs to be an increased focus on the core principles that underpin the delivery of care. In addition to understanding what works, nurses must develop their understanding of how and why particular approaches work or do not work. Understanding the fundamental principles that underpin nurses' actions will lead to more efficient and effective approaches to the delivery of nursing care. It will also enable nurses to maximize those elements of their practice that are most beneficial for people and minimize other activities that either have little effect or actually lead to worse outcomes. In this article, we will propose that the phenomenon of control is fundamental to human health. Perceptual control theory provides a coherent theoretical framework that enables us to understand the phenomenon of control through a functional model of human behaviour. People are healthy when their neurochemical, physiological, biological, psychological and social states are all controlled satisfactorily. We will explain the implications of understanding health as control throughout the paper. From this perspective, we will argue that the aim of nurses and nursing should be to support people to maintain or recover control over those aspects of their lives that are important and meaningful to them.
本文描述了一种经验支持的人类行为理论，即感知控制理论，如何应用于推进护理实践并改善接受护理服务人群的健康结果。护理通常采取务实的方法提供护理，重点是做有效的事情。这种对实用主义的关注有时可能优先于任何对指导选择特定方法而不是其他方法的基本理论假设或护理干预产生影响的机制的考虑。为了使护理成为一个专业，需要更加关注为护理提供支持的核心原则。除了了解什么有效之外，护士还必须加深对特定方法为何有效或无效的理解。了解支持护士行动的基本原则将导致更高效和有效的护理提供方法。它还将使护士能够最大限度地发挥实践中对人们最有益的部分，并最大限度地减少其他几乎没有效果或实际上导致更差结果的活动。在本文中，我们将提出控制现象对人类健康至关重要。感知控制理论提供了一个连贯的理论框架，使我们能够通过人类行为的功能模型来理解控制现象。当人的神经化学、生理、生物、心理和社会状态都得到满意控制时，人就会健康。我们将在整篇文章中解释将健康理解为控制的含义。从这个角度来看，我们将认为护士和护理的目标应该是支持人们维持或恢复对他们生活中重要和有意义的方面的控制。
