International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
IJRC-PTS, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Sep 1;200:110774. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110774. Epub 2020 May 24.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in atmosphere, which attracted more attentions due to their influence on human health. In this study, a national scale cancer risk (CR) assessment with atmospheric PAHs were conducted based on one year monitoring program at 11 cities across China. The annual mean concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and BaP equivalency (BaP) were 4.56 ± 7.78 ng/m and 8.45 ± 14.1 ng/m, respectively, which were both higher than the new ambient air quality standards of China (GB 3095-2012, 1 ng/m). Concentrations of BaP and BaP in northern Chinese cities were almost 2 times higher than those in southern Chinese cities. The CR values induced by the dermal contact exposure were two orders of magnitude higher than that by the inhalation exposure. Children and adults were the most sensitive age groups with the dermal contact exposure and the inhalation exposure to atmospheric PAHs, respectively. For the total CR values, 99.7% of its values were higher than the reference level of 10. No significant difference of the total CR values was observed between northern Chinese and southern Chinese cities for children and adults. In order to quantify the uncertainties of CR assessment, Monte Carlo Simulation was applied based on the specific distributions of the exposure factors cited from the Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population. The results indicated that almost 90% probability of the total CR values were higher than 10, indicating potential cancer risk. Sensitive analysis indicated that atmospheric concentration, outdoor exposure fraction, particle amount adhered to skin, and cancer slope factor should be carefully considered in order to increase the accuracy of CR assessment with PAHs in atmosphere.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是大气中普遍存在的污染物，由于其对人类健康的影响而引起了更多关注。在本研究中，基于中国 11 个城市的为期一年的监测计划，对大气 PAHs 进行了国家癌症风险（CR）评估。苯并[a]芘（BaP）和 BaP 当量（BaPeq）的年平均浓度分别为 4.56±7.78ng/m和 8.45±14.1ng/m，均高于中国新的环境空气质量标准（GB 3095-2012，1ng/m）。中国北方城市的 BaP 和 BaPeq 浓度几乎是中国南方城市的两倍。皮肤接触暴露引起的 CR 值比吸入暴露引起的 CR 值高两个数量级。儿童和成人是对大气 PAHs 皮肤接触暴露和吸入暴露最敏感的年龄组。对于总 CR 值，其 99.7%的值高于 10 的参考水平。对于儿童和成人，中国北方和南方城市的总 CR 值没有显著差异。为了量化 CR 评估的不确定性，应用了蒙特卡罗模拟，该模拟基于《中国人群暴露因素手册》中引用的暴露因素的特定分布。结果表明，总 CR 值有近 90%的概率高于 10，表明存在潜在的癌症风险。敏感性分析表明，为了提高大气中 PAHs 进行 CR 评估的准确性，应仔细考虑大气浓度、室外暴露分数、粘附在皮肤上的颗粒量和癌症斜率因子。
