Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Resource Recovery and Environmental Management (R2EM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona Tech. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 10;734:139407. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139407. Epub 2020 May 15.
One of the significant environmental threats in ports in recent years are carbon dioxide emissions generated by different activities carried out in these areas, which lead to Climate Change. In the maritime industry, this topic is getting more critical every day. The main cause of Climate Change is the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). The total amount of GHG that are emitted both directly and indirectly by an activity are calculated by the following indicator: the Carbon Footprint. The review of different case studies shows while in recent years many ports calculate their Carbon Footprint and report it, each port uses its own method and there is not any unified and complete method to calculate Carbon Footprint. This makes comparing results among different ports a difficult task and proves the need for such a method. Therefore, it has been developed a standardized tool to calculate GHG emissions in ports. The tool has been developed by using Excel and Visual Basic software and it is based on the WPCI (World Ports Climate Initiative) and IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines and the GHG Protocol. Such tool is specifically designed so that port authorities can calculate their Carbon Footprint and report it accordingly. The tool has different steps taking into account the three scopes of emissions defined by the WPCI guideline for ports. Once developed, it was validated by a set of selected ports and environmental experts. The final aim is to distribute this tool to all ports and make it freely available.
近年来，港口面临的重大环境威胁之一是这些地区开展的各种活动产生的二氧化碳排放，这导致了气候变化。在航海业，这个问题每天都变得更加严重。气候变化的主要原因是温室气体（GHG）的排放。活动直接和间接排放的温室气体总量由以下指标计算：碳足迹。对不同案例研究的回顾表明，虽然近年来许多港口计算了它们的碳足迹并报告了，但每个港口都使用自己的方法，没有统一和完整的方法来计算碳足迹。这使得比较不同港口之间的结果变得困难，并证明了需要这样一种方法。因此，已经开发了一种标准化的工具来计算港口的温室气体排放。该工具是使用 Excel 和 Visual Basic 软件开发的，它基于 WPCI（世界港口气候倡议）和 IPCC（政府间气候变化专门委员会）的指南和 GHG 协议。该工具是专门为港口当局设计的，以便他们可以计算自己的碳足迹并相应地报告。该工具考虑了 WPCI 指南为港口定义的三个排放范围的不同步骤。开发完成后，由一组选定的港口和环境专家进行了验证。最终目标是将该工具分发给所有港口，并免费提供。
