Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2020 Jul;208:111898. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111898. Epub 2020 May 16.
According to Polish guidelines, children need a daily dose of 600-1000 I·U. vitamin D, which could be skin-synthesized in the period May to September, after at least 15 min solar exposure between 10 am and 3 pm with uncovered forearms and lower legs. In Poland, doctors only prescribe oral supplementation to infants and small children up to 2 years old, rarely for the older children. Numerical estimates of the daily amount of vitamin D (expressed in I.U. vitamin D taken orally) due to the solar exposure for preschoolers have been made on the basis of an observation campaign in Warsaw, Poland. In the period from April to September, the observations of children's clothing of age 4-6 years and the measurements of UV index were carried out in the kindergarten playground and a nearby park (52.31N, 21.06°E). It appears, that longer exposures (~45 min) are needed to gain the recommended dose. However, the estimation is burden with large uncertainties. The alternative scenario is to allow children to play outside for as long as possible without getting sunburn, i.e. until the personal erythemal threshold is reached. Then, sunscreens should be applied.
根据波兰的指导方针，儿童每天需要 600-1000 国际单位 (I·U) 的维生素 D，可以在 5 月至 9 月期间通过至少 15 分钟的阳光照射在上午 10 点至下午 3 点之间的裸露前臂和小腿上皮肤合成。在波兰，医生只给婴儿和 2 岁以下的幼儿开口服补充剂，很少给年龄较大的儿童开。根据波兰华沙的一项观测活动，对学龄前儿童因阳光照射而每天所需的维生素 D 量（以口服维生素 D 的国际单位表示）进行了数值估算。在 4 月至 9 月期间，在幼儿园操场和附近公园（52.31N，21.06°E）对 4-6 岁儿童的服装和紫外线指数进行了观测和测量。似乎需要更长的暴露时间（约 45 分钟）才能达到推荐剂量。然而，这种估计存在很大的不确定性。另一种方案是让儿童在不晒伤的情况下尽可能长时间地在户外玩耍，即直到达到个人红斑阈值。然后，应该涂抹防晒霜。
