Schladitz Katja, Förster Franziska, Löbner Margrit, Welzel Franziska, Stein Janine, Luppa Melanie, Riedel-Heller Steffi G
Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2020 Apr;150-152:112-123. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2020.01.007. Epub 2020 May 24.
The loss of a significant other is a stressful life event, especially for older people. The aim of this study was to investigate user acceptance of an internet-based self-help program for mourners aged 60 years and above. Potential access paths as well as barriers of use were to be identified from both users' and experts' perspectives.
This study is following a qualitative design. Two focus groups were formed consisting of elderly people (60+) with loss experience (N=12) and of experts from the medical care system (N=8). The focus groups were conducted using a discussion guide related to the model of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Focus group data were recorded by audio tape and fully transcribed. Qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015) was applied using MAXQDA.
The mean age of elderly participants with loss experience was 64.5 years, 50 % were women. From the user's perspective, an internet-based self-help program should comprise information regarding grieving, suggestions and motivation for behavioral activation, strengthening self-esteem, and suggestions for dealing with other feelings related to grief (such as guilt). Directions for relatives of mourners as well as faith and spirituality were important topics for users. Elderly participants felt confident to be able to use an internet-based self-help program. Processing time and topic selection should be flexible for the user. Potential access paths included general practitioners and specialists, mourning cafés, or local media. A potential barrier was seen for people who prefer a personal relationship. The average age of participants in the expert focus group was 40.1 years, 87.5 % were female. There was a high user acceptance from the perspective of health care experts with regard to the target group of elderly people (60+). Access paths were seen across all specialist groups working with elderly people (e.g., physicians, occupational therapists, nursing facilities). Lack of guidance was discussed as a potential barrier.
A key aspect and prerequisite for the use and effectiveness of an internet-based self-help intervention for mourners is user acceptance. Judgments from potential users and experts showed a high user acceptance, but also the need to address age group-specific topics for coping with grief.
Internet-based self-help interventions can be a promising add-on treatment option for elderly bereaved people. The implementation of such programs should take the access paths mentioned into account in order to inform users and experts about the intervention.
失去重要他人是一件压力巨大的生活事件，对老年人而言尤甚。本研究旨在调查60岁及以上丧亲者对基于互联网的自助项目的接受程度。需从用户和专家的角度确定潜在的接入途径以及使用障碍。
本研究采用定性设计。组建了两个焦点小组，一组由有丧亲经历的老年人（60岁以上，N = 12）组成，另一组由医疗保健系统的专家（N = 8）组成。焦点小组讨论使用与技术接受与使用统一理论（UTAUT）模型相关的讨论指南进行。焦点小组数据通过录音记录并全部转录。使用MAXQDA根据Mayring（2015）的方法进行定性内容分析。
有丧亲经历的老年参与者的平均年龄为64.5岁，50%为女性。从用户角度看，基于互联网的自助项目应包括有关悲伤的信息、行为激活的建议和动机、增强自尊以及处理与悲伤相关的其他情绪（如内疚）的建议。给丧亲者亲属的指导以及信仰和精神层面的内容是用户关注的重要话题。老年参与者对能够使用基于互联网的自助项目感到有信心。处理时间和主题选择应对用户灵活。潜在的接入途径包括全科医生和专科医生、哀悼咖啡馆或当地媒体。对于更喜欢人际关系的人而言，这可能是一个障碍。专家焦点小组参与者的平均年龄为40.1岁，87.5%为女性。从医疗保健专家的角度来看，老年人群体（60岁以上）对该项目的接受度较高。在所有与老年人打交道的专业群体（如医生、职业治疗师、护理机构）中都能看到接入途径。缺乏指导被认为是一个潜在障碍。
基于互联网的自助干预措施对丧亲者的使用和有效性的一个关键方面及前提是用户接受度。潜在用户和专家的判断显示出较高的用户接受度，但也需要针对特定年龄组应对悲伤的主题。
基于互联网的自助干预措施对于老年丧亲者可能是一种很有前景的辅助治疗选择。实施此类项目应考虑上述接入途径，以便让用户和专家了解该干预措施。
