Egro Francesco M, Kenny Elizabeth M, Manders Ernest C, Manders Ernest
Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
Otolaryngology, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Apr 22;12(4):e7780. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7780.
Introduction There is often a need for a simple means of predicting hematocrit (Hct) following blood loss, administration of intravenous fluids, or fluid shifts. The aim of this study is to introduce a nomogram for the rapid prediction of blood volume and packed red cell volume appropriate for a given patient's body weight and Hct in both the pediatric and adult populations. Methods A nomogram for prediction of Hct was created using the following variables: 1) blood volume determined from bodyweight, 2) estimated blood loss, and 3) initial Hct. Results Hct was calculated after blood loss, administration of intravenous fluids, or fluid shifts using the pediatric and adult nomograms. Alternatively, the nomograms can be used to back-calculate blood or fluid loss if Hct is known. The nomogram allows for adjustment for measured and insensible fluid losses and fluid administration. Conclusions The nomogram helps to predict the Hct and fluid requirements in neonates, children, and adults with blood loss, fluid administration, and rehydration following dehydration. It allows for the calculation of Hct after fluid shifts in a simple, fast, and portable manner. We believe it can be a useful adjunct to monitor the fluid balance in all patients, especially in resource-limited settings where laboratory equipment may not be available.
引言
在失血、静脉输液或体液转移后，常常需要一种简单的方法来预测血细胞比容（Hct）。本研究的目的是引入一种列线图，用于快速预测适合特定患者体重和血细胞比容的血容量和红细胞压积，适用于儿科和成人人群。
方法
1）根据体重确定的血容量，2）估计失血量，3）初始血细胞比容。
结果
使用儿科和成人列线图计算失血、静脉输液或体液转移后的血细胞比容。或者，如果已知血细胞比容，列线图可用于反推失血量或体液量。该列线图允许对测量的和不显性的液体丢失及液体输注进行调整。
结论
该列线图有助于预测新生儿、儿童和成人在失血、输液及脱水后补液时的血细胞比容和液体需求。它能以简单、快速且便于携带的方式计算体液转移后的血细胞比容。我们认为它可作为监测所有患者液体平衡的有用辅助工具，尤其是在可能没有实验室设备的资源有限环境中。
