中性粒细胞及其细胞外陷阱在子痫前期与 HIV 感染协同作用中的作用。
The Role of Neutrophils and Their Extracellular Traps in the Synergy of Pre-eclampsia and HIV Infection.
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
出版信息
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020 May 27;22(6):41. doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01047-z.
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW
In our innate immune system, neutrophils are the first cells to sense signals of infection and to proceed to kill the invading pathogen. This is mediated by their production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS) to entrap pathogenic micro-organisms, preventing their amplification and dissemination. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of global maternal mortality, yet to date, there is no cure nor a gold-standard diagnostic strategy. The purpose of this review is to discover the role of neutrophils in PE as early identification markers. Additionally, this review aims to explore the role of neutrophils in HIV-infected pregnancies with PE as a source of synergy.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent findings demonstrate an elevation of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in PE placentae. This is due to their activation by excessive release of syncytiotrophoblast microparticles (STBM). There is also an elevation of NETs in HIV-infected placentae-where histone H3 entraps HIV by binding to its glycoprotein envelope. Additionally, histones H1 and H2A inhibit HIV infection. It is interesting to note that women with both PE and HIV infection have supressed NETs. This review focuses on the role of neutrophils in the synergy of PE and HIV infection. It is plausible that the deregulation of NETs in the synergy of pre-eclamptic HIV-infected women is strategic for the entrapment of the HIV-1 virus. Finally, it is plausible that neutrophils and NETS may act as early biomarkers of PE development. Graphical abstract.
目的综述
在我们的固有免疫系统中，中性粒细胞是最先感知感染信号并进行杀伤入侵病原体的细胞。这是通过其产生中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）来捕获致病微生物来介导的，防止它们的扩增和传播。先兆子痫（PE）是全球产妇死亡的主要原因，但迄今为止，尚无治愈方法，也没有金标准的诊断策略。本综述的目的是发现中性粒细胞在 PE 中的作用作为早期识别标志物。此外，本综述旨在探索中性粒细胞在伴有 PE 的 HIV 感染妊娠中的作用，作为协同作用的来源。
最新发现
最近的发现表明，PE 胎盘中性粒细胞和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）升高。这是由于它们被合体滋养细胞微粒（STBM）过度释放所激活。HIV 感染的胎盘也存在 NETs 升高的情况——组蛋白 H3 通过与 HIV 的糖蛋白包膜结合来捕获 HIV。此外，组蛋白 H1 和 H2A 抑制 HIV 感染。有趣的是，患有 PE 和 HIV 感染的女性 NETs 水平降低。本综述重点关注中性粒细胞在 PE 和 HIV 感染协同作用中的作用。PE 合并 HIV 感染妇女中 NETs 的失调可能是捕获 HIV-1 病毒的策略。最后，中性粒细胞和 NETS 可能作为 PE 发展的早期生物标志物。图表摘要。
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