Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4R4.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Pathog Dis. 2020 Jul 1;78(5). doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa023.
Lower genital tract infection and bloodborne spread of infection are the two principal modes for infection of the upper genital tract or for infection of the fetus, neonate or infant. Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most common bloodborne pathogens that infect the fetus, neonate or infant. Most infections of the upper genital tract, however, spread along epithelial surfaces from the vagina or cervix to the upper genital tract or chorioamnion, fetus, neonate or infant. These infections are caused by either pathogens associated with a dysbiotic vaginal microbiome or those that are sexually transmitted. The clinical syndromes that these pathogens produce in the lower genital tract were discussed in part one of this review. We now discuss the syndromes and pathogens that affect the upper genital tract of both non-pregnant and pregnant women as well as fetus, neonate and infant.
下生殖道感染和血源感染是感染上生殖道或感染胎儿、新生儿或婴儿的两种主要方式。梅毒螺旋体和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是感染胎儿、新生儿或婴儿的两种最常见的血源性病原体。然而，大多数上生殖道感染沿着上皮表面从阴道或宫颈传播到上生殖道或绒毛膜羊膜炎、胎儿、新生儿或婴儿。这些感染是由与阴道微生物失调相关的病原体或性传播病原体引起的。本综述第一部分讨论了这些病原体在下生殖道产生的临床综合征。现在，我们讨论影响非孕妇和孕妇以及胎儿、新生儿和婴儿上生殖道的综合征和病原体。
