From inquiry to judgment: age and sex differences in patterns of adult moral thinking and information-seeking.

This research examined age and sex variations in moral judgment processes across the life-span, primarily using objective questionnaire techniques. Both stage level of judgment and patterns of requests for further information following dilemma presentation were studied in 242 respondents, ages fourteen to ninety-two, in order to measure individual differences in judgment orientations hypothesized by Gilligan and suggested by theorists of aging. There were few indications of sex differences in either stage or patterns of information-seeking, except for a generally greater preference for additional information in decision-making by women. With respect to age trends, participants over age seventy-five scored at significantly lower stage levels than younger adult groups. However, elderly adults' judgments did not appear simply "regressed" to earlier developmental levels. On both objective and open-ended measures, older participants seemed more likely than younger groups to assimilate moral dilemma information to their own general cognitive frameworks, consistent with an hypothesis of greater synthesis in judgment among the elderly.