Dr Abbas Al Mutair, PhD, is research center director, Chairman of IRB at Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Saudi Arabia. And adjunct senior lecturer, Wollongong University, Australia. Mr Abbas Shamsan, is research assistant, Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Saudi Arabia. Dr Samer Salih, MD, is infectious diseases specialist, Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Saudi Arabia. Dr Awad Al-Omari, MD, is intensive care unit consultant, Associate Professor, VP for Physicians Affairs, Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Saudi Arabia. And associate professor, Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2020 Jul/Aug;39(4):203-210. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000422.
Sleep deprivation among patients is a common problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). Studies have tried to find the etiologies of sleep deprivation. Poor sleep quality in the ICU has effects such as delirium, weakening the wound healing, and anxiety. Researches have concluded that the etiologies for sleep deprivation are multifactorial.
The aim of this review is to discuss the etiologies of sleep deprivation among ICU patients. This review also aims to discuss effects of sleep deprivations and provide implications for promoting sleep quality in the ICU.
For this literature review, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and Up To Date were used to find articles about sleep deprivation among ICU patients. The search was narrowed to articles between 2008 and 2019. A total of 23 articles were included that were found to match the inclusion criteria.
Findings indicated that sleep deprivations etiologies among ICU patients can be environmental and nonenvironmental. Sensory overload, sensory deprivation, and patients' care activities are environmental etiologies for sleep deprivation. The nonenvironmental factors include pharmacological, physical, and psychological factors.
Sleep deprivation etiologies are multifactorial and have several effects on ICU patients. Sleep protocol and staff training should be introduced to reduce unnecessary interventions by ICU staff. Tele-ICU monitoring can also be introduced to reduce unnecessary interventions where clinicians can monitor patients remotely and therefore enhance sleep in the ICU. During their stay in the ICU, patients can be instructed to wear earplugs and also have aromatherapy massage to reduce stress and enhance sleep quality. More research on the physical pain and the psychological factors using objective methods should be conducted in the future.
睡眠剥夺是重症监护病房（ICU）患者的常见问题。研究试图寻找睡眠剥夺的病因。ICU 中睡眠质量差会导致谵妄、伤口愈合减弱和焦虑等后果。研究得出结论，睡眠剥夺的病因是多因素的。
本综述旨在讨论 ICU 患者睡眠剥夺的病因。本综述还旨在讨论睡眠剥夺的影响，并为改善 ICU 中的睡眠质量提供启示。
为了进行文献综述，使用 ProQuest、MEDLINE 和 Up To Date 查找关于 ICU 患者睡眠剥夺的文章。搜索范围缩小到 2008 年至 2019 年之间的文章。共纳入了 23 篇符合纳入标准的文章。
研究结果表明，ICU 患者睡眠剥夺的病因可分为环境因素和非环境因素。感觉超负荷、感觉剥夺和患者护理活动是睡眠剥夺的环境病因。非环境因素包括药理学、身体和心理因素。
睡眠剥夺的病因是多因素的，对 ICU 患者有多种影响。应引入睡眠方案和员工培训，以减少 ICU 员工的不必要干预。还可以引入远程 ICU 监测，使临床医生可以远程监测患者，从而提高 ICU 中的睡眠质量。在 ICU 期间，患者可以被指示佩戴耳塞，也可以进行芳香疗法按摩，以减轻压力并提高睡眠质量。未来应使用客观方法对身体疼痛和心理因素进行更多的研究。
