Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1194:157-171. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_14.
Research investigating treatments and interventions for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer due to difficulties in accurately identifying individuals at risk of AD in the pre-symptomatic stages of the disease. There is an urgent need for better identification of such individuals in order to enable earlier treatment and to properly stage and stratify participants for clinical trials and intervention studies. Although some biological measures (biomarkers) can identify Alzheimer's-related changes before significant changes in cognitive function occur, such biomarkers are not ideal as they are only able to place individuals in rudimentary stages of the disease/cognitive decline (Tarnanas et al., Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 1(4):521-532, 2015) and sometimes mistakenly diagnose individuals (Edmonds et al. 2015). Two tests, based on real-world functioning, which have been used to screen for pre-symptomatic AD are (i) dual-task walking tests (Belghali et al. 2017) and (ii) day-out tasks (Tarnanas et al. 2013). A novel digital biomarker, the Altoida ADPS app, which implements gamified versions of these tests has been shown to accurately discriminate between healthy controls and individuals in prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (Tarnanas et al. 2013) and can differentiate between people with mild cognitive impairment who convert to Alzheimer's disease and those who don't (Tarnanas et al. 2015b). The aim of this study is the validation of a novel digital biomarker of cognitive decline.
研究调查认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的治疗和干预措施受到限制，因为难以在疾病的无症状阶段准确识别有患 AD 风险的个体。迫切需要更好地识别此类个体，以便能够更早地进行治疗，并为临床试验和干预研究正确分期和分层参与者。虽然一些生物标志物（生物标志物）可以在认知功能出现显著变化之前识别与阿尔茨海默氏症相关的变化，但这些标志物并不理想，因为它们只能将个体置于疾病/认知能力下降的初步阶段（ Tarnanas 等人，Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 1(4):521-532, 2015），有时会错误地诊断个体（Edmonds 等人，2015）。两种基于现实世界功能的测试已被用于筛查无症状 AD，即 (i) 双重任务行走测试（Belghali 等人，2017）和 (ii) 日常任务（ Tarnanas 等人，2013）。一种新的数字生物标志物 Altoida ADPS 应用程序实施了这些测试的游戏化版本，已被证明能够准确区分健康对照组和阿尔茨海默病前驱期的个体（ Tarnanas 等人，2013），并能够区分转化为阿尔茨海默病的轻度认知障碍患者和不会转化为阿尔茨海默病的患者（ Tarnanas 等人，2015b）。本研究的目的是验证一种新的认知能力下降的数字生物标志物。
