Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Speech and Language, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Speech and Language, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
J Commun Disord. 2020 May-Jun;85:105991. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.105991. Epub 2020 May 12.
In addition to anatomical and physiological problems, children with a cleft (lip and) palate (CP ± L) often face psychosocial difficulties. A complex interaction between patient and environment may induce these problems. Based on the literature, speech disorders may negatively influence a listener's judgement of a speaker. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the attitudes of peers toward the speech of children with CP ± L.
Sixty-nine typically-developing children (7-12 years, 34 boys, 35 girls) judged audio-recorded speech samples of nine children with CP ± L and three control children based on three attitude components, i.e. cognitive, affective and behavioral. A speech intelligibility percentage was determined for each speaker based on transcriptions by 23 naïve adult listeners. Furthermore, two speech-language pathologists perceptually rated the degrees of hypernasality, nasal airflow and articulation errors. A correlation was calculated between the attitude components and the speech intelligibility percentage, and the attitude components and perceptual judgements. Additionally, the possible influence of age and gender of the listeners on their attitudes was explored.
A significantly positive correlation was found between the speech intelligibility percentage and the attitude components: when a child was understood better, more positive attitudes were measured. A significantly negative correlation was found between perceptual judgements and all attitudes components: presence of more hypernasality, nasal airflow or articulation errors resulted in more negative attitudes. Furthermore, boys and younger children seem to have more negative attitudes compared to girls and older children.
This study provides additional evidence that peers show more negative attitudes toward children with more speech disorders due to CP ± L. Further research may explore the possible impact of age and gender on attitudes of peers. Intervention should focus on, changing the cognitive, affective and behavioral attitudes of peers in a more positive direction and encouraging the psychosocial development of children with CP ± L.
除了解剖学和生理学问题外，唇腭裂（CLP）儿童通常还面临心理社会困难。患者与环境之间的复杂相互作用可能会导致这些问题。根据文献，言语障碍可能会对听者对说话者的判断产生负面影响。因此，本研究旨在调查同龄人对唇腭裂儿童言语的态度。
69 名正常发育的儿童（7-12 岁，34 名男孩，35 名女孩）根据三个态度成分，即认知、情感和行为，对 9 名唇腭裂儿童和 3 名对照组儿童的录音言语样本进行判断。根据 23 名天真的成年听众的转录，为每位说话者确定了言语可懂度百分比。此外，两位言语语言病理学家对超鼻音、鼻气流和发音错误的程度进行了感知评估。计算了态度成分与言语可懂度百分比之间以及态度成分与感知判断之间的相关性。此外，还探讨了听众的年龄和性别对其态度的可能影响。
发现言语可懂度百分比与态度成分之间存在显著正相关：当孩子的理解能力更好时，测量到的态度更积极。感知判断与所有态度成分之间存在显著负相关：超鼻音、鼻气流或发音错误的存在导致更消极的态度。此外，男孩和年幼的孩子似乎比女孩和年长的孩子有更消极的态度。
本研究提供了额外的证据，表明同龄人由于唇腭裂而对言语障碍更严重的儿童表现出更消极的态度。进一步的研究可能会探讨年龄和性别对同龄人态度的可能影响。干预应侧重于改变同龄人更积极的认知、情感和行为态度，并鼓励唇腭裂儿童的心理社会发展。
