对比剂——不同类型的对比剂、它们的历史、化学特性和相对肾毒性。

Contrast Media-Different Types of Contrast Media, Their History, Chemical Properties, and Relative Nephrotoxicity.

机构信息

Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 51N 39th Market Street, Suite 240, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 51N 39th Market Street, Suite 240, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/MichaelRudnick7.

出版信息

Interv Cardiol Clin. 2020 Jul;9(3):279-292. doi: 10.1016/j.iccl.2020.02.008.

DOI:10.1016/j.iccl.2020.02.008

PMID:32471669

Abstract

History of contrast dates back to the 1890s, with the invention of the radiograph. Nephrotoxicity has been a main limitation in ideal contrast media (CM). High-osmolar contrast media no longer are in clinical use due to overwhelming evidence supporting greater nephrotoxicity with these CM compared with current CM. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains a common cause of in-hospital acute kidney injury. The choice contrast agent is determined mainly by cost and institution practice. This review focuses on the history, chemical properties, and experimental and clinical studies on the various groups of CM and their role in CIN.

摘要

对比剂的历史可以追溯到 19 世纪 90 年代，当时发明了 X 射线摄影。肾毒性一直是理想对比剂（CM）的主要限制因素。高渗性对比剂由于有大量证据表明与目前的 CM 相比，这些 CM 的肾毒性更大，因此已不再临床使用。造影剂肾病（CIN）仍然是医院内急性肾损伤的常见原因。对比剂的选择主要取决于成本和机构实践。本文主要综述了各种 CM 的历史、化学特性、实验和临床研究及其在 CIN 中的作用。