Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(3):357-366. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200531151004.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is marked by cognitive dysfunctions and the existence of neuropathological hallmarks such as amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. It has been observed that a persistent immune response in the brain has appeared as another neuropathological hallmark in AD. The sustained activation of the microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, and other immune cells has been shown to aggravate both tau and amyloid pathology and may consider as a connection in the AD pathogenesis. However, the basic mechanisms that link immune responses in the pathogenesis of AD are unclear until now since the process of neuroinflammation can have either a harmful or favorable effect on AD, according to the phase of the disease. Numerous researches recommend that nutritional fruits, as well as vegetables, possess neurodefensive properties against the detrimental effects of neuroinflammation and aging. Moreover, these effects are controlled by diverse phytochemical compounds that are found in plants and demonstrate anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, as well as other beneficial actions. In this review, we focus on the link of neuroinflammation in AD as well as highlight the probable mechanisms of alkaloidal phytochemicals to combat the neuroinflammatory aspect of AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种慢性神经退行性疾病，其特征是认知功能障碍和存在神经病理学特征，如淀粉样斑块和神经纤维缠结。已经观察到，大脑中持续的免疫反应已成为 AD 的另一个神经病理学特征。小胶质细胞（大脑常驻巨噬细胞）和其他免疫细胞的持续激活已被证明会加重 tau 和淀粉样蛋白病理，并且可能被认为是 AD 发病机制中的一个联系。然而，到目前为止，由于神经炎症过程对 AD 可能有有害或有利的影响，根据疾病的阶段，将免疫反应与 AD 发病机制联系起来的基本机制尚不清楚。许多研究表明，营养丰富的水果和蔬菜具有神经防御特性，可以抵抗神经炎症和衰老的有害影响。此外，这些作用受植物中发现的各种植物化学化合物的控制，这些化合物具有抗炎、神经保护和其他有益作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 AD 中的神经炎症联系，并强调生物碱类植物化学物质对抗 AD 神经炎症方面的可能机制。
