Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(22):2635-2647. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666210101152352.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that significantly affects cognitive functions in a way that causes loss of memory, thinking, and behavior. Multiple studies revealed that neuroinflammation associated with AD is linked with the amyloid-beta deposition in the brain. Elevated levels of expression of cytokines, microglial activation, nuclear factor kappa B, and reactive oxygen species play roles in AD-related inflammatory processes. Indeed, effective therapeutic approaches are urgently required to develop therapeutic agents to prevent and treat AD. So far, many anti-AD drug candidates have failed in the clinical stages and currently available drugs only provide symptomatic treatment. In recent times, pharmacologically active phytochemicals have been found to possess promising anti-neuroinflammatory effects; therefore, these natural products can be useful in AD treatment. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the role of neuroinflammation and the molecular processes altered by multiple steroid and terpenoid-derived phytochemicals in various AD-related neuroinflammatory pathways. Indeed, steroid and terpenoid-derived phytochemicals show important therapeutic activities, which can be useful in ameliorating and treating AD-related neurodegeneration.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种与年龄相关的进行性神经退行性疾病，它以导致记忆、思维和行为丧失的方式严重影响认知功能。多项研究表明，与 AD 相关的神经炎症与大脑中的淀粉样蛋白-β沉积有关。细胞因子表达水平升高、小胶质细胞激活、核因子 kappa B 和活性氧在 AD 相关炎症过程中发挥作用。事实上，迫切需要有效的治疗方法来开发治疗剂以预防和治疗 AD。到目前为止，许多抗 AD 药物候选物在临床阶段都失败了，目前可用的药物仅提供对症治疗。最近，已发现具有药理活性的植物化学物质具有有希望的抗神经炎症作用；因此，这些天然产物可用于 AD 的治疗。在这篇综述中，我们全面讨论了神经炎症的作用以及多种甾体和萜类衍生植物化学物质在各种 AD 相关神经炎症途径中改变的分子过程。事实上，甾体和萜类衍生植物化学物质表现出重要的治疗活性，可用于改善和治疗 AD 相关的神经退行性变。
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