Recovery of stroke-related aphasia can be affected by language therapy in the early and chronic stage. Objectively monitoring therapy-induced neuroplasticity is possible by several measurement techniques including electro- and magneto-encephalography. The obtained event-related potentials (ERPs) and fields (ERFs) provide insights into the neural basis of intact or deficient language processing with milliseconds precision. In this literature review, we highlight the sensitivity of ERPs and ERFs to logopedic interventions by providing an overview of therapy-induced changes in the amplitude, latency and topography of early and mid-to-late components.