Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Comportement & Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Castanet-TolosanF-31326, France.
ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies & Wildlife, MalzévilleF-54220, France.
J Helminthol. 2020 Jun 1;94:e159. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X20000449.
Because of their continuing expansion, wildlife ruminant species that prosper in rural landscapes may be increasingly affected by and/or contribute to the circulation of certain generalist pathogens also infecting domestic ruminants, when they share common spaces or resources. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that parasitism with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of wild roe deer inhabiting different rural landscapes is correlated with livestock density. We used faecal egg counts of GINs and spatial data of 74 GPS-collared roe deer, inhabiting various landscapes from closed forests to open fields, together with weekly records of livestock abundances on pasture. We tested whether the excretion of GIN eggs in roe deer was influenced by the density of livestock in their home range over the grazing season. Our results showed that all of the roe deer home ranges, except four, contained pastures occupied by livestock. Excretion of GIN eggs occurred in 77% of the roe deer. The excretion of GIN eggs in roe deer tended to increase with livestock density in their home range. This result suggests, but does not prove, a higher risk of ingesting GIN larvae originating from livestock dung. In the context of increasing overlap between roe deer and livestock ranges, the exchange of pathogens between both hosts is plausible, although species identity of the parasites present was not determined. Assessing which GIN species are shared between wild and domestic ruminants, and how this may affect the health of both hosts, is a central question for future research in the context of interspecific pathogen circulation.
由于其不断扩张，在农村景观中繁荣的野生动物反刍动物物种可能会越来越受到共同空间或资源的影响，并可能有助于某些也感染家养反刍动物的普通病原体的循环。在这项研究中，我们旨在检验这样一种假设，即生活在不同农村景观中的野生狍寄生虫的寄生与家畜密度有关。我们使用了粪便中胃肠道线虫（GINs）的卵计数以及 74 只 GPS 佩戴的狍的空间数据，这些狍生活在从封闭森林到开阔田野的各种景观中，同时还记录了放牧场上每周的牲畜丰度。我们测试了在放牧季节，狍的胃肠道线虫卵在其活动范围内的家畜密度是否会影响其排泄。我们的研究结果表明，除了四个之外，所有狍的活动范围都包含有放牧家畜的牧场。有 77%的狍排泄了胃肠道线虫卵。在狍的活动范围内，胃肠道线虫卵的排泄量随着家畜密度的增加而增加。这一结果表明，狍从家畜粪便中摄入幼虫的风险更高，但不能证明这一点。在狍和家畜活动范围重叠增加的背景下，两种宿主之间病原体的交换是合理的，尽管目前还没有确定寄生虫的具体种类。评估野生和家养反刍动物之间存在哪些胃肠道线虫，以及这可能如何影响两种宿主的健康，是未来研究种间病原体循环的核心问题。
