School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK.
Biol Lett. 2022 May;18(5):20220057. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0057. Epub 2022 May 4.
Wild ruminants are susceptible to infection from generalist helminth species, which can also infect domestic ruminants. A better understanding is required of the conditions under which wild ruminants can act as a source of helminths (including anthelmintic-resistant genotypes) for domestic ruminants, and vice versa, with the added possibility that wildlife could act as for drug-susceptible genotypes and hence buffer the spread and development of resistance. Helminth infections cause significant productivity losses in domestic ruminants and a growing resistance to all classes of anthelmintic drug escalates concerns around helminth infection in the livestock industry. Previous research demonstrates that drug-resistant strains of the pathogenic nematode can be transmitted between wild and domestic ruminants, and that gastro-intestinal nematode infections are more intense in wild ruminants within areas of high livestock density. In this article, the factors likely to influence the role of wild ruminants in helminth infections and anthelmintic resistance in livestock are considered, including host population movement across heterogeneous landscapes, and the effects of climate and environment on parasite dynamics. Methods of predicting and validating suspected drivers of helminth transmission in this context are considered based on advances in predictive modelling and molecular tools.
野生动物易受寄生蠕虫物种（包括驱虫剂耐药基因型）感染，这些寄生虫也能感染家养反刍动物。需要更好地了解在何种条件下，野生动物可以成为家养反刍动物的寄生虫（包括驱虫剂耐药基因型）来源，反之亦然，此外还存在一种可能性，即野生动物可能成为药物敏感基因型的宿主，从而缓冲抗药性的传播和发展。寄生虫感染会导致家养反刍动物生产力显著下降，所有驱虫药类别的耐药性不断增强，这加剧了人们对家畜寄生虫感染的担忧。先前的研究表明，在野生和家养反刍动物之间可以传播具有致病性的线虫耐药株，并且在牲畜密度较高的地区，野生反刍动物的胃肠道线虫感染更为严重。在本文中，考虑了影响野生反刍动物在寄生虫感染和家畜驱虫剂耐药性中的作用的因素，包括宿主在异质景观中的种群移动，以及气候和环境对寄生虫动态的影响。根据预测模型和分子工具的进展，考虑了预测和验证寄生虫传播可疑驱动因素的方法。
