Zhang Yu-Yang, Liu Xiao-Gang, Yu Ning, Zhao Zhi-Hao, Yang Qi-Liang, Gao Yan-Li, Fan Cheng, Dong Jian-Hua
Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Feb;31(2):515-523. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.004.
The fertilizer and shading management of Coffea arabica in dry-hot area is extensive, resulting in lower yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. A field experiment was carried out to find the coupling mode of shading and fertilizer for fertilizer-saving and high yield of C. arabica in dry-hot region. Four shading levels (100% NR, 75% NR, 60% NR, 45% NR, NR was natural radiation) and four fertilizer levels (No fertilization and 666.67, 1000, 1333.33 kg·hm) were set to examine the effects of different radiations and fertilizer treatments on canopy structure, yield, ferti-lizer use efficiency, soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon of C. arabica. The results showed that canopy structure, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon were significantly affected by shading and fertilizer treatments. Soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon decreased with the increases of shading levels. Soil nutrient content increased with the increases of fertilizer application, while microbial biomass carbon increased first and then decreased, with a peak at the rate of 1000 kg·hm(200.30 mg·kg). Shading and fertilizer had significant effects on the canopy structure including leaf area index and openness. There were significant negative correlations of leaf area index with openness, gap fraction, total fixed-point factor and total radiation under canopy. Results of response surface analysis and spatial analysis showed that the combination of shading level and fertilizer application were 80% NR and 666.67 kg·hm, 79% NR and 1286.81 kg·hm, 79% NR and 967.74 kg·hm, 82% NR and 1075.27 kg·hm, respectively, when partial fertilizer productivity, yield, fertilizer agronomic efficiency and yield increase of fertilizer reached the maximum. The ranges of shading and fertilizer were 68%-77% NR and 946.24-1178.79 kg·hm when the yield, agronomic efficiency and yield increasing rate by fertilizer reached 80% of the maximum value. In this experiment, the optimum combination of shading level and fertilizer application was 75% NR and 1000 kg·hm.
干旱炎热地区小粒种咖啡的施肥和遮荫管理粗放，导致产量和肥料利用效率较低。开展了一项田间试验，以探寻干旱炎热地区小粒种咖啡节肥高产的遮荫与施肥耦合模式。设置了四个遮荫水平（100%自然光照、75%自然光照、60%自然光照、45%自然光照，自然光照记为NR）和四个施肥水平（不施肥以及666.67、1000、1333.33 kg·hm），以研究不同光照和施肥处理对小粒种咖啡冠层结构、产量、肥料利用效率、土壤养分含量和微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明，遮荫和施肥处理对冠层结构、产量、肥料利用效率、土壤养分含量和微生物生物量碳有显著影响。土壤养分含量和微生物生物量碳随遮荫水平的增加而降低。土壤养分含量随施肥量的增加而增加，而微生物生物量碳先增加后降低，在施肥量为1000 kg·hm（200.30 mg·kg）时达到峰值。遮荫和施肥对包括叶面积指数和冠层开度在内的冠层结构有显著影响。叶面积指数与冠层开度、间隙率、总定点因子和冠层下总辐射呈显著负相关。响应面分析和空间分析结果表明，当偏生产力、产量、肥料农学效率和施肥增产率达到最大值时，遮荫水平和施肥量的组合分别为80%自然光照和666.67 kg·hm、79%自然光照和1286.81 kg·hm、79%自然光照和967.74 kg·hm、82%自然光照和1075.27 kg·hm。当产量、农学效率和施肥增产率达到最大值的80%时，遮荫和施肥范围分别为68%-77%自然光照和946.24-1178.79 kg·hm。本试验中，遮荫水平和施肥量的最佳组合为75%自然光照和1000 kg·hm。
