Bistaraki Aggeliki, Zarokosta Maria, Sapsakos Theodoros Mariolis, Skarpas George, Nousios Georgios, Apostolopoulos Alexandros P, Angelis Stavros, Filippou Dimitrios K
Anatomy and Histology Laboratory, Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
University Department of Surgery, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifissia "Agii Anargiri", Athens, Greece and Anatomy and Histology Laboratory, Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2019;29(3):239-246. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2020034017.
Although the accessory soleus muscle is a rare supernumerary muscle of the leg, its presence has been well discussed in the literature. This rare anatomic variation has been described mainly in the anatomic, surgical, and radiology literature. Awareness of the muscle's presence and its clinical presentation can help with diagnosis without surgical exploration. This narrative review summarizes the available data describing the anatomy, clinical presentation, diagnosis, associated pathologies, and treatment options of this accessory muscle.
A literature review was performed to provide a comprehensive report of the existing data regarding the accessory soleus muscle. PubMed, Heal Link, and Google Scholar were searched for articles in English reporting on the accessory soleus muscle. The search was conducted using the following key words: "soleus muscle" and "accessory soleus muscle". PubMed was searched primarily, and then cross-referenced articles were found via Heal Link and Google Scholar. Results from non-English studies were excluded.
A total of 148 articles were reviewed. The majority of the articles was composed of case reports along with a review of the literature. After the initial screening, 33 irrelevant studies, 47 duplicates, and 9 non-English articles were excluded; thus, 59 studies were eligible for analysis.
Although the accessory soleus muscle is a rare anatomic variation, many cases have been reported in the literature. Nonetheless, the results reported in this literature review are still inconclusive regarding why some patients are symptomatic and others are not, and the recommendation of therapy protocols. Recognizing this anomaly is important in deciding the right diagnosis and planning the appropriate treatment. However, further research is needed to investigate the symptoms' presentations and propose specific treatment protocols.
虽然副比目鱼肌是一种罕见的小腿多余肌肉，但其存在已在文献中得到充分讨论。这种罕见的解剖变异主要在解剖学、外科学和放射学文献中有所描述。了解该肌肉的存在及其临床表现有助于在无需手术探查的情况下进行诊断。本叙述性综述总结了描述这种副肌肉的解剖结构、临床表现、诊断、相关病理及治疗选择的现有数据。
进行文献综述以全面报告关于副比目鱼肌的现有数据。在PubMed、Heal Link和谷歌学术上搜索英文报道副比目鱼肌的文章。搜索使用以下关键词：“比目鱼肌”和“副比目鱼肌”。主要搜索PubMed，然后通过Heal Link和谷歌学术找到交叉引用的文章。排除非英文研究的结果。
共审查了148篇文章。大多数文章由病例报告及文献综述组成。初步筛选后，排除33项无关研究、47篇重复文章和9篇非英文文章；因此，59项研究符合分析条件。
虽然副比目鱼肌是一种罕见的解剖变异，但文献中已报道了许多病例。尽管如此，该文献综述中报告的结果在为何一些患者有症状而另一些患者没有症状以及治疗方案的推荐方面仍无定论。认识到这种异常对于做出正确诊断和规划适当治疗很重要。然而，需要进一步研究来调查症状表现并提出具体治疗方案。
