Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Unit Suicide Research & Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Jun 15;271:300-309. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.063. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
In recent years, efforts in suicide prevention in the United States and Europe have been made to change the conversation on suicide to incorporate more preventive aspects. The majority of information-seeking occurs online. Structured analyses assessing qualitative changes in retrieved online material on suicide over time, however, are scarce. We replicated a content analysis of suicide-related websites retrieved with popular search engines in the United States and Austria aiming to assess how suicide-related online portrayals have changed in the past five years.
We retrieved 396 websites using the search term suicide, method-related search terms (e.g., how to hang yourself), and help-related search terms (e.g., suicide help) in the United States and 286 websites from Austrian searches. We performed a content analysis based on media recommendations for suicide reporting and compared the findings to 335 websites in the United States and 396 websites in Austria retrieved in 2013 with the same procedure.
In both countries, the number of both protective (United States: p < .001, Austria: p < .001) and harmful characteristics (United States: p < .001, Austria: p < .001) increased. The ratio of protective to harmful characteristics improved to 3.3:1 in the United States and to 2.4:1 in Austria.
No assumptions about the actual impact of the retrieved contents can be assumed.
There has been an increase in potentially protective aspects in online portrayals of suicidality, but also an increase in potentially harmful characteristics, which may suggest an increasing polarization of suicide-related contents. Future prevention efforts need to address this potential polarization.
近年来，美国和欧洲在预防自杀方面做出了努力，试图改变自杀话题的讨论方式，纳入更多预防方面的内容。大多数信息检索都是在网上进行的。然而，评估随着时间的推移检索到的关于自杀的在线材料中定性变化的结构化分析却很少。我们复制了一项在美国和奥地利使用流行搜索引擎检索与自杀相关的网站的内容分析，旨在评估自杀相关的在线描述在过去五年中发生了怎样的变化。
我们使用搜索词“自杀”、与方法相关的搜索词（例如，如何上吊）和与帮助相关的搜索词（例如，自杀帮助）在美国检索了 396 个网站，在奥地利检索了 286 个网站。我们根据媒体对自杀报道的建议进行了内容分析，并将结果与 2013 年在美国检索到的 335 个网站和在奥地利检索到的 396 个网站进行了比较，采用的是相同的程序。
在这两个国家，无论是保护因素（美国：p<0.001，奥地利：p<0.001）还是有害特征（美国：p<0.001，奥地利：p<0.001）的数量都有所增加。在美国，保护因素与有害特征的比例从 1:1 提高到 3.3:1，在奥地利从 1:1 提高到 2.4:1。
不能对检索到的内容的实际影响做出假设。
在线自杀倾向描述中，潜在的保护方面有所增加，但潜在的有害特征也有所增加，这可能表明与自杀相关的内容日益两极化。未来的预防工作需要解决这一潜在的两极分化问题。
