Baeyens Jean-Pierre, Serrien Ben, Goossens Maggie, Veekmans Katia, Baeyens Rens, Daems Walter, Cattrysse Erik, Clijsen Ron
Dep. of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Weststrasse 8, CH-7302 Landquart, Switzerland. Tel +41 (81) 300 01 75.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2020 Jun;35(2):81-88. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2020.2013.
Repetitive actions while playing piano may overload forearm muscles and tendons, leading to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs), including lateral epicondylitis.
In this pilot study, surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) was captured in 10 conservatory piano students while playing a fast and a slow music score selected from the individual's repertoire, each 3 minutes long. Measurements were made at baseline and again after 2 hrs and 4 hrs of rehearsal time of the piano études. The amplitude of the sEMG signal was processed by a smoothing algorithm, and the frequency component with a non-orthogonal wavelets procedure. Amplitude of the sEMG was expressed in percent of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) at baseline. Statistical analysis encompassed 2-way repeated measures ANOVAs for the amplitude and frequency components of the sEMG signal (a set at 5%). The students also rated the intensity of rehearsals using a VAS.
The ECR presented with a mean amplitude of 23%MVC for the slow scores, which increased significantly to 36%MVC for the fast scores. The sEMG signal presented a significant though small decrease of 1.9%MVC in amplitude between baseline and 4 hrs of rehearsal time and no shift in frequency, which may indicate that the rehearsals were held at a physiological steady-state and suggesting optimization or complementary muscle loading.
These data accentuated that the loading of the ECR (as reflected in the amplitude component) was higher than that seen for computer keyboard workers. The augmented loading of the ECR and reduced blood flow to forearm muscles may be a factor in the development of PRMDs in pianists.
弹钢琴时的重复动作可能会使前臂肌肉和肌腱负荷过重，导致与演奏相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（PRMDs），包括外侧肘髁炎。
在这项初步研究中，对10名音乐学院钢琴专业学生弹奏从个人曲目中挑选的一首快速和一首慢速乐谱时的桡侧腕伸肌（ECR）表面肌电图（sEMG）活动进行了记录，每首乐谱时长3分钟。在基线时以及钢琴练习曲排练2小时和4小时后再次进行测量。sEMG信号的幅度通过平滑算法进行处理，频率成分通过非正交小波程序进行处理。sEMG的幅度以基线时最大自主收缩（%MVC）的百分比表示。统计分析包括对sEMG信号的幅度和频率成分进行双向重复测量方差分析（设定为5%）。学生们还使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）对排练强度进行评分。
对于慢速乐谱，ECR的平均幅度为23%MVC，对于快速乐谱则显著增加到36%MVC。sEMG信号在基线和排练4小时之间幅度显著但小幅下降了1.9%MVC，频率没有变化，这可能表明排练处于生理稳态，并提示肌肉负荷优化或补充。
这些数据强调了ECR的负荷（如幅度成分所反映的）高于计算机键盘工作者。ECR负荷增加以及前臂肌肉血流减少可能是钢琴演奏者发生PRMDs的一个因素。
