Yasuda Tomohiro, Sato Yumi, Nakajima Toshiaki
Exercise Physiology, Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, JPN.
Child Education, Okazaki Women's University, Aichi, JPN.
Cureus. 2024 Jun 24;16(6):e63074. doi: 10.7759/cureus.63074. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Long-term and prolonged piano performance does not provide essential skeletal muscle training benefits while increasing the risk of injury to the upper extremities. Unlike high-intensity exercise training, moderate blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been found to improve neuromuscular mechanisms with a variety of physical exercises (machine, elastic band, walking, electrical stimulation, and body weight).
We investigated the physiological and perceptual responses related to piano performance with or without BFR based on acute responses of neuromuscular mechanisms. Student or professional pianists (n=7) performed the "Revolutionary Etude" on the piano with (Piano-BFR) and without (Piano-Ctrl) BFR. During the Piano-BFR performance, 150-180 mmHg of cuff pressure was applied around the most proximal region of both arms as a moderate BFR.
Changes in upper limb girth, muscle thickness, and hand grip strength were measured before and immediately after the performance. After the performance, perceptual and other responses were recorded. Immediately after the performance, the Piano-BFR condition induced greater changes in girth (forearm and upper arm), muscle thickness (forearm), and handgrip strength than the Piano-Ctrl condition. Piano-BFR was (p<0.01) higher than Piano-Ctrl on eight questions regarding perceptual response (upper arm fatigue and difficulty playing the piano). Piano performance with BFR was revealed to increase upper extremity muscle size and fatigue in pianists after playing.
Piano performance with BFR was revealed to increase upper extremity muscle size and fatigue in pianists after playing. The effect of BFR on neuromuscular mechanisms on piano performance was greater in the forearm than in the upper arm.
长期且持续的钢琴演奏无法提供必要的骨骼肌训练益处，同时还会增加上肢受伤的风险。与高强度运动训练不同，人们发现适度的血流限制（BFR）训练能通过各种体育锻炼（器械、弹力带、步行、电刺激和体重训练）改善神经肌肉机制。
基于神经肌肉机制的急性反应，我们研究了有或没有BFR时与钢琴演奏相关的生理和感知反应。学生或专业钢琴家（n = 7）在有BFR（Piano-BFR）和无BFR（Piano-Ctrl）的情况下在钢琴上演奏《革命练习曲》。在Piano-BFR演奏期间，在双臂最靠近近端的区域施加150 - 180 mmHg的袖带压力作为适度的BFR。
在演奏前和演奏后立即测量上肢周长、肌肉厚度和握力的变化。演奏后，记录感知和其他反应。演奏后立即，Piano-BFR条件下的周长（前臂和上臂）、肌肉厚度（前臂）和握力的变化比Piano-Ctrl条件下更大。在关于感知反应（上臂疲劳和钢琴演奏难度）的八个问题上，Piano-BFR（p < 0.01）高于Piano-Ctrl。结果显示，有BFR的钢琴演奏会增加演奏后钢琴家上肢肌肉的大小和疲劳感。
结果显示，有BFR的钢琴演奏会增加演奏后钢琴家上肢肌肉的大小和疲劳感。BFR对钢琴演奏神经肌肉机制的影响在前臂比在上臂更大。
